I-calcaneus ithambo kwisithende seenyawo, esivame ukubizwa ngokuba ithambo lesithende. Eli thambo linceda ukuxhasa unyawo kwaye kubalulekile kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo zokuhamba. Umdibaniso ophezulu we-calcaneus, obizwa ngokuba yi-subtalar joint, unesixanduva sokuvumela unyawo ukuba lujikeleze ngaphakathi ngaphakathi nangaphandle.
I-Calcaneus fractures ihlala ihlala yingozi ngenxa yokulimala okukhulu kwamandla.
Ziyakwenzeka ngokubakho ngenxa yokuwa kwephakamileyo, njengokuwa kwele nqanaba. Ezinye izimbangela ze-calcaneus fracture ziquka ukuphazamiseka kwemoto kunye nokulimala kwezemidlalo. I-calcaneus inokuthi iqhubeke nokuxhatshazwa kwengcinezelo , ukulimala ngamanye amaxesha kubonwa kubadlali, njengabagijimi abade.
Iimpawu zeCraccaneus Fracture
I-Calcaneus fractures ibangele ukuvuvukala nentlungu emva kweenyawo. Impawu eziqhelekileyo zokuphulwa kwe-calcaneus ziquka:
- Ukungakwazi ukuhamba
- Ukuzithoba kweenyawo
- Ukunyuka kweenyawo
- Iintlungu ezinzima zesithende
Uninzi lwama-calcaneus fractures alumale ukulimala, oku kuthetha ukuba ulusu luhambile. Xa isikhumba esijikeleze i-calcaneus sephukile siphukile, oku kungabonakalisa ukuphuka okuvulekileyo , okubizwa ngokuba yi-fracture. Ukuqhekeka okuvulekileyo kwe-calcaneus yimeko engxamisekileyo efuna utyando oluphuthumayo.
Unyango lweCalcaneus Fractures
I-Calcaneus fractures ingaphathwa ngokuphosa okanye ukuhlinzwa kunokucetyiswa. Ukuba i-calcaneus isahluko ayikho ngaphandle kwesikhundla, unyango olungenasvasive luya kucetyiswa.
Unyango olungabandakanyeki lukwacetyiswa kwizigulane ezihamba kakuhle okanye zesifo sikashukela; ezi zi gulane zibeka ingozi enkulu ekuphuhliseni iingxaki ezivela kutyando lweenyawo. Izigulane ezibhemayo nazo zinomngcipheko ophezulu kakhulu weengxaki ezinxulumene notyando lwe-calcaneus fracture.
Ugqirha kufuneka uqwalaselwe ngokucophelela kwezi zi gulane, kwaye oogqirha abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba ubungozi buphezulu kakhulu kubabhemayo ukuba baqwalasele ukuhlinzwa.
Unyango olusandululweyo lwee-calcaneus fractures lubandakanya ukufaka ukunyanzelisa ngaphandle kweenyawo nokubeka ipenki yensimbi kunye ne-screws kwisithambo esithendekile. Ugqirha wakho uza kuzama ukubuyisela ukulungelelaniswa kwethambo kunye nokubuyisela indawo yomzimba njengento eqhelekileyo kunokwenzeka. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba i- calcaneus ephukile yimizimba emibini yamathambo (xa kuthelekiswa namaqhezu amancinane amaninzi) oku kutyunjwa kungenziwa ngezinto ezincinci kwaye akukho ndawo. Ugqirha wakho unokuncoma unyango olufanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu ezithile ze-fracture yakho.
Kwisifo se-calcaneus esona sikhulu, i-calcaneus bone ithoxiswe kwisithambo ngaphezu kwesithende, italus. Kule meko, ithuba lokubuyisela umsebenzi odibeneyo wonyawo alunakwenzeka, kwaye inkqubo yokuxuba ingavumela ukuba unyawo oluzinzile lokuhamba.
Zonke izigulane ezinokuphuka kwe-calcaneus kufuneka zihlolwe ngamanye amanxeba aphezulu. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa inani elikhulu lezigulane ezinokuqhawuka kwe-calcaneus ziya kuba neentambo ze-lumbar spine (i-10 ukuya kwe-15 ekhulwini). Ezinye izalathiso zihlala zihlala kwizigulana ezenza i-calcaneus isalwe, kuquka ukulimala entloko, entanyeni nakweminye imikhawulo.
Ukuphazamiseka kwengcinezelo ye-calcaneus kunokuphathwa ngonyango olungenakuvuthwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo izigulane ziya kufuneka zibe kwiintonga, kwaye zingadinga ixesha elifutshane lokuchithwa kwamatye. Ngamanye amaxesha ukunyuka kwengcinezelo kuthatha iinyanga ezi-3-6 ngaphambi kokuba abagijimi bakwazi ukubuyela kwimidlalo emva kokalimaza.
Iingxaki Zonyango
Izidumbu zeCalcaneus zivame ukulimala kakhulu kwaye zihlala zikhokelela kwiingxaki ezide zinyathelo kunye neenyawo. Iingxaki zokuqala ze-calcaneus fractures zidla ngokubakho ngenxa yokuvuvukala okukhulu okungenzeka ngezi nzakalo. Ezi zi gulane ezithe zenziwa ngophando lwe-calcaneus fracture zingaba neengxaki zokuphilisa ngenxa yokukhupha.
Njengoko kubonisiwe, izigulane ezineesifo sikashukela, ababhemayo, kunye nabasemngciphekweni obuthathaka kakhulu baxhomekeke ekuphuhliseni le ngxaki.
Ukuxhatshazwa kwexesha elide kwi-calcaneus fracture kudla ngokuba ngenxa yeentlungu ezingapheliyo kunye ne-arthritis. I-arthritis ye-hindfoot iyaxhaphaka emva kokuba isiguli sigcina i-calcaneus ephuka. Umngcipheko wokwenza i-arthritis ngenxa yecala ye-calcaneus ixhomekeke kwixinzelelo. Izigulane zihlala zifumana iingxaki zentlungu engapheliyo , kunye nobunzima beentlobo ezithile zeentambo, kunye nentlungu ehambelana nokuhamba, ukuhamba nokuhlala ixesha elide.
Ukuphulukana kwexesha le-calcaneus isahluko ebalulekileyo ekuqaliseni indlela isigulane esiya kubuyela ngayo kwinqanaba lokulimala. Izigulane ziya kufunwa ukugcina ubunzima beenyawo kwiinyanga ezintathu. Olunye uhlobo olubaluleke kakhulu lwenyango lulawula ukuvuvukala, ingakumbi kwizigulane eziye zahlinzwa. Izindlela ezifanelekileyo zokulawula ukuvuvukala ziquka ukuphakama, ukuchithwa kwempahla, kunye nesicelo seqhwa.
Imithombo:
Barei DP, et al. "Iziqhekeza ze-calcaneus" I-Orthop Clin North North ngo-2002 Jan; 33 (1): 263-85.
UJuliano P, Nguyen HV "Iziqhekeza ze-calcaneus" I-Orthop Clin North North ngo-2001 Jan; 32 (1): 35-51.