Ukuqonda i-Asthma yabantwana
I-asthma inhalers yindlela elula yokufumana unyango lwe-asthma kumaphaphu omntwana. Nangona i-nebulazer ingase ibe lula ukuyisebenzisa, abazali abaninzi kunye nezingane abazithandi ixesha elide eliza kuthatha ukuhambisa unyango lwe-asthma.
I-Asthma Inhalers
Ngelishwa, ngelixa kulungile, i-asthma inhalers kufuneka isetyenziswe kakuhle, idinga amanqanaba amaninzi, ukuba iya kusebenza.
Oku kungenziwa lula ngokudibanisa i-inhaler ye-metered-dose ne-spacer okanye i-spacer nge-mask, kodwa i-inhaler ene-spacer kufuneka isetyenziswe ngokuchanekileyo.
Unokuba ungeke ukwazi ukuphuma ekusebenziseni i-asthma inhaler, nangona kunjalo, njengamachiza e-asthma atholakala kuphela njenge-inhaler. Ngokomzekelo, ngelixa kuneengxaki ze- albuterol , i-levalbuterol (i-Xopenex), ne- Pulmicort (budesonide), ininzi iminye imichiza yokunyanga isifo se-asthma ifumaneka nje nge-inhalers.
Iintlobo ze-Asthma Inhalers
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-inhalers ze-asthma, kubandakanywa ne-inhalers ye-inerers (i-MDI) emininzi emininzi eyenziwa ngabantu abaninzi, kunye ne-inperser (DPI) entsha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abaninzi abantu bacinga ukuba i-inhalers eyomileyo yomeleleyo iyenzeka ukuyisebenzisa ngenxa yokuphefumula umoya (uncedo lonyango aluyi kuphuma uze uphefumle), ngelixa i-inhalers ye-metered-dose idinga ukuba umsebenzisi adibanise ukuthatha umoya okhuselekileyo ngokusebenza inhaler.
- i-inhalers ye-meter-dose (CFC) - i-inhalers ene-chlorofluorocarbons isuswe ngenxa yokukhathazeka kweemeko
- i-inhalers ye-meter-dose (i-HFA) - i-CFC-inkululeko entsha ye-CFC-free hydro fluoroalkene inerers propellant inhalers
- Ukuphefumula okuqhubekile kwe-dohal inhalers (i-HFA) - eyabiza kunezinye i-MDIs
- i-inhalers eyomileyo-ngokuqhelekileyo ayinakusetyenziswa kuze kube yilapho abantwana baneminyaka engama-5 ukuya kwe-6 ubudala kwaye banokuthatha inzululwazi enzulu, enamandla. Abantwana abaselula bazama ukubethelela kwi-inhaler, endaweni yokuphefumula.
Xa usebenzisa i-inhaler eyomileyo epholileyo, abantwana abaninzi bancinane benza i mpazamo:
- ukubeka i-inhaler ngokungalunganga
- ukulibala ukukhupha ngokupheleleyo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa i-inhaler
- ingathathi inzulu, inamandla
- bengabambeli umoya wabo malunga nemizuzwana engama-10
- ukulibala ukuphefumula ngokukhawuleza emva koko
Ewe, kuqhelekile ukwenza iimpazamo nge-inerers doer-dose, kwakhona. Iphutha eliqhelekileyo kukuba abantwana bakhohlwe ukuthabatha, ukuphuza, ukuphefumula ngokukhawuleza kunoko.
Inhalers nge Spacers
Nangona umntwana wakho angakwazi ukusebenzisa i-inhaler ye-metered-dose xa sele eneminyaka engama-6 ubudala, kusenokuba yinto efanelekileyo yokusebenzisa i-spacer ukuqinisekisa ukuba ufumana i-dose epheleleyo kwimiphunga yakhe.
I-spacer iyisisityana esincinci esinokuqhotyoshelweyo kwi-inhaler kwaye sinokuquka imaski yabantwana, abaselula, kunye nabantwana abafundele abantwana abaneminyaka engama-4 okanye ubudala. Ziquka ikamelo lokubamba eligcina igqirha kwi-spacer de kube umntwana wakho athabathe umoya ukuze angadingi ukulungelelanisa ukuthatha umoya ngokusebenzisa i-inhaler.
Ukuhlangula i-Asthma Inhalers
Ukulondoloza i-asthma inhalers kubandakanye i-beta-agonists esenza i-short-acting acon-agonists engakwazi ukubonelela ngokukhawuleza xa umntwana wakho enesifo se-asthma:
- IproAir HFA (i-albuterol inhaler)
- Iproventil HFA (i-albuterol inhaler)
- UVololin HFA (i-albuterol inhaler)
- I-Ventolin HFA 60 (i-albuterol inhaler)
- Xopenex HFA (i-levalbuterol inhaler)
- ProAir RespicClick (i-albuterol inhaler) - i-powder inhalation
Ezi zixhobo zokunceda zi-inhalers zivame kuphela ezisetyenziselwa kwisiseko esifanelekileyo kwaye kungekhona imihla ngemihla. Xoxa nodokotela wezilwanyana ukuba umntwana wakho ubonakala efuna ukusebenzisa imithi yakhe yokuphucula i-asthma amayeza angaphezu kwezihlandlo ezimbini ngeveki.
I-Maxair AutoHaler (i-pirbuterol inhaler), i-MDI ephefumlelwe umoya-moya isuswe kwimarike ngo-2013 kuba iqulethe iiCFC.
Ukukhusela i-Asthma Inhalers
Inhaled corticosteroid inhalers yinto ephambili yonyango lokuthintela isifo se- asthma .
Ngokungafani nokukhutshwa kwezifo, ezinokunceda ngokukhawuleza iimpawu ze-asthma, i-steroid inhalers isetyenziselwa imihla ngemihla ukukhusela umntwana wakho ekuveliseni iimpawu ze-asthma.
Nangona kubonakala ngathi i-steroid inhalers, yonke into efanayo, ubukhulu be-particle yesichengisi lunokuchaphazela indlela abaye bayithatha ngayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abo abanomlinganiselo omncinci wamancinci, njengeAerobid, Alvesco, kunye neQvar, kufuneka bafakwe ngcono kwimiphunga.
Mhlawumbi kubaluleke ngaphezu kobuthakathaka be-particle ngokufumana i-steroid inhaler kwaye ukuyisebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo imihla ngemihla:
- I-Aerobid (flunisolide) - i-MDI evunyelwe abantwana abancinane ubuncinane
- U-Alvesco (i-ciclesonide) - i-MDI evunyelwe abantwana abancinci be-12
- I-Asmanex Twisthaler (i-mometasone) - i-DPI evunyelwe abantwana abancinci be-12
- I-Flovent Diskus (i-fluticasone) - i-DPI evunyelwe kubantwana abangenani 4
- I-Flovent HFA (i-fluticasone) - i-MDI evunyelwe abantwana abancinci abane
- I-Pulmicort Flexhaler (i-budesonide) - i-DPI evunyelwe abantwana abancinane ubuncinane
- IQvar (beclomethasone) - i-MDI evunyelwe abantwana abancinci be-5
I-inhaler nganye ifumaneka kumandla amaninzi okunceda ufumane i-asthma yomntwana phantsi kolawulo olufanelekileyo. Ukuba i-inhaler yezantsi isebenze, ke ukunyuka ukuya kwi-dose ephezulu kunokuthi, umzekelo, ukunyuka ukusuka kwiQvar 40 ukuya kwiQvar 80.
Kwabantwana abanomodareyithwa ogqithisileyo ongasayi kulawulwa nge-steroid engabonakaliyo, i-inhaler edibanisa i-steroid kunye ne-beta-agonist yexesha elide inokukunceda. Ezi zixhobo ziquka:
- I-Advair HFA - (i-Flovent + Serevent) - i-MDI evunyelwe abantwana abancinci abane
- I-Advair Diskus-ifomu ye-DPI ye-Advair - evunyelwe kubantwana abangenani 4
- I-Dulera - (Asmanex + Foradil) - i-MDI evunyelwe abantwana abancinci be-12
- I-Symbicort - (i-Pulmicort + Foradil) - i-MDI ivunyiwe kubantwana abangenani ubuncinane 12
Emva kokuba i-asthma yengane ilawulwa kakuhle ngelixa usebenzisa i-inhaler yentsebenziswano, khuluma notitshala wakho wezilwanyana ukuba ubone ukuba ingaba nini ixesha lokunciphisa unyango lomntwana wakho ukuze asebenzise kuphela i-steroid inhaler.
Ukwazi ntoni nge-Asthma Inhalers yabantwana
Mhlawumbi into eyona nto ebalulekileyo ukwazi malunga ne-asthma inhalers yomntwana kukuba ufanele uqhubeke usebenzisa kuwo de uxelwa ngunyana wezilwanyana ukuba uziyeke. Isicwangciso senkqubo yesifuba sinokukunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba ungayisebenzisa nini i-inhalers yengane yakho kunye nokuqokwa kwamalungu okulandelelana.
- Nika zonke i-inhalers yakho yengane yakho xa ubona udokotela wakho wezingane ukuze bazi ukuba yiyiphi imithi umntwana ayithatha kwaye ukuze umntwana wakho abonise indlela enhle ngayo (okanye ihlwempu) inqubo yakhe inhalers.
- I-asthma inhalers ingaba yindleko kwaye zombini iindleko kunye nokubuyiselwa kwemali yenkampani yakho yinshurensi ingaba yimpembelelo echaphazelekayo eyenziwa ngumntwana wakho. Ukuba inkampani yakho ye-inshorensi ine-formulary ye-drug, cinga ukuzisa uluhlu lwe-asthma inhalers olukhethiweyo ukutyelela ngonyango lwakho.
- Ukongeza kwinto ehambelanayo kunye neziphathekayo, ukusebenzisa i-asthma inhaler ngokukhawuleza kunokuba unyango oluvela kwi-nebulizer.
- Uninzi lwe-asthma inhalers lisetyenzisiwe ngaphandle kwelebula (ngokuchasene nezikhokelo ezicetywayo) kubantwana abancinci kunexesha elivunywa ngalo.
Thetha kwinqanaba lakho lezilwanyana ukuba awukwazi ukuhlawula i-asthma inhalers yomntwana wakho. Oogqirha bezilwanyana kaninzi banesampuli kunye neenkonkoni ze-asthma inhalers okanye banako ukukunceda ngeenkqubo zokuncedisa imithi eninzi iinkampani zamachiza ezinikezela ngoku.
Imithombo:
Adkinson: I-Middleton's Allergy: Imigaqo kunye nokuSebenza, i-7th ed .;
UDolovich MB, Ahrens RC, Hess DR, et al: Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo kunye neziphumo zonyango lwe-aerosol: Izikhokelo ezisekelwe kwiingxelo: Ikholeji yaseMerika yaseChest Physicians / i-American College ye-Asthma, i-Allergy, ne-Immunology. I-Chest 2005; 127: 335-371.
Haughney, John. Ukukhetha izixhobo ze-inhaler kubantu abane-asthma: Ulwazi olukhoyo kunye neemfuno zophando eziphambili. I-Medicine ye-Respiratory CME, uMqulu 3, Issue 3, 2010, iphepha 125-131.
Lavorini, Federico. Umphumo wokusetyenziswa okungalunganga kwe-powder inhalers eyomileyo ekulawuleni izigulane ezine-asthma kunye neCOPD. I-Medicine Respiratory, uMqulu 102, Inkcazo 4, Epreli 2008, amakhasi 593-604.
NIH. Izikhokelo zeeNkcazo zeNtsholongwane. Izikhokelo zoLwazi kunye noLawulo lwe-Asthma. 2007