Abantu abaninzi balindele ukubiza i- optometrist xa bebona umbono ophazamisayo. Ngelishwa, abaninzi bethu benza okufanayo nabantwana bethu. Siyakhuthazwa ukuba silungise ukuhlolwa kwamehlo xa umntwana wethu engaphumeleli ukuboniswa kweso sikhundla sezingane okanye esikolweni, okanye kwisikhalazo sokuqala somntwana sombono ophazamisayo. Nangona kunjalo, abantwana banokufumana iingxaki zombono webhancular kunye okanye ngaphandle kwemibono ephosakeleyo.
Enyanisweni, i-optometrists kunye ne-ophthalmologists ayisebenzisi imbonakalo ephazamisayo yokugweba abantwana abanengxaki yombono. Ngethuba bathatha umbono ophazamisekileyo xa umntwana ekhalaza, bajonga ezinye izinto xa behlola abantwana. Iingxaki zombono weBinocular zivela xa inkqubo ebonakalayo ihluleka ukusebenzisa zombini amehlo kunye nokuchaneka. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi ngxaki zingenzeka ngaphandle kwesingqungquthela esicacileyo sombono onqabileyo, kungekude okanye kusondele.
Ezi zilandelayo zizathu ezintathu ezifanelekileyo zokuthatha umntwana wakho kwirejista yamehlo ukuhlola ukujonga iingxaki ezingabandakanyekanga umbono ongenakwenzeka njengesikhalazo esiphambili.
Hyperopia
I-Hyperopia okanye i-hypermetropia ibonakala phambili . Ukugqithisa kwexesha eliqhelekileyo ligama elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza xa ukugqithisela kukugqithisekile (xa izihlunu zijolise ekunyuseni amandla okugxilisa amehlo). Ukubhekela phambili kungakhohlisa. Abanye abantwana kunye nabaselula abasenokuba ngabajongene nabo ngaphandle kokukhononda ngombono ongekho.
Abantwana baneenkqubo ezinje zokugxininisa ezinokuthi bagxininise kanzima ukuze bahlawule imali eninzi yokujonga. Ziyakwazi ukwenza umbono wazo kucace, kodwa kuphela ngokugxila okanye ukuhlala. Umntu onokujonga ngokukhawuleza unokufuneka agxininise kabini kunzima njengomntu ongenalo.
Esikhundleni sokukhononda ngamakhanda okanye imbonakalo ephosakeleyo, abantwana abangazange bahlaziye i-hyperopia bangayeka ukufunda okanye baphume eklasini baze bangene kwiingxaki.
I-Myopia okanye i- nearsightedness ihlukile . Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwimizuzu ethile, abantwana abasondelayo bayakhalaza ukuba abanakuzibona izinto ezithile kude, ngokukodwa ibhodi yebhokisi esikolweni. Namhlanje, izikolo ezininzi zineekhompyutheni ezixhasayo ngeekhomputha kwiindawo zamabhodi ezitshixo zokuncedisa kwimfundo yabafundi. Oogqirha kunye nabazali kufuneka baqaphele nabo, ngokuba xa kukhangeleka ngokukhawuleza kwenzeka, abantwana aboni ukutshintsha kwembono. Ngaphandle kokuba bejonge kakhulu, abantu abaninzi abasondeleyo banemibono ecacileyo kwibanga elifutshane, ngoko ubuncinane ubuninzi bezinto ezikufutshane nabo zibonakala zicacile.
Njengokuba abantwana ababheke phambili bangabonwa ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye bangahlawulela ngokugxininisa ngakumbi, abantwana abasondeleyo abanakho ukukhalaza ngombono ongekho. Ezinye iimpawu ezinjengeentloko ziya kuba khona kodwa umntwana akayi kuvuma, "Ndiyabona ngokugqithiseleyo." Oogqirha banako ukugqiba indlela ebonakalayo yokulungisa ngayo ngokufaka izihlawulelo ezikhethiweyo ezingakhange zikhulise ubungakanani bomfundi kuphela kodwa zenzeke ngethuba lexesha lokugxila imisipha ukwenzela ukuba yonke imilinganiselo yokubukela ingalinganiswa.
Oku kuya kumxelela ugqirha ngokuchanekileyo ukuba ulungiso olunjani ukuba lubekwe kumboniso okanye uqhagamshelane ne-lens.
Ukungakwazi ukuguquguquka (CI)
Ukungakwazi ukuguqula igama linikezelwa imeko apho umntu akakwazi ukuguqula amehlo ngaphakathi ngaphakathi egxininise ekujoliswe kuyo kwicala elisondeleyo. Amehlo ngokuqhelekileyo aphendukele ngaphakathi okanye aguquke kwaye anyuke ekugxinineni amandla xa ebukela into kwibala elifutshane xa inkqubo ebonakalayo iqhelekileyo. Iinkqubo ezilawula ukujika kwangaphakathi kweemisipha zamehlo kunye nemisipha ngaphakathi kweso elenza iliso lijolise okanye lihlale lihlobene.
Abantwana abanako ukuguqulwa kokungeneli bakuthola kunzima ukufakela imifanekiso emibili xa bekhangela into entsha. Iliso elinye linokukhupha ngaphandle xa bezama ukugxila kwigama elisondeleyo okanye into. Baya kuba nako ukugxila okulungileyo, kodwa iisundu zamehlo zinzima kakhulu ukujika ngaphakathi. Xa bengenako ukuguqula amehlo abo ngokulula nangokuchanekileyo, abantwana banokuba nobunzima bamehlo , imbono emibini , iintloko, ubunzima bokugxila, ukungcola okanye ukugula.
Abaphandi baye bafumanisa ulungelelaniso phakathi kokungakwazi ukuguqulwa kunye nokunyamekela ingxaki yokuxhatshazwa kwempilo (ADHD). Ngenxa yoko, ukungakwazi ukuguqulwa kwamandla akukwazi nje ukudala ubunzima bokufunda nokuqonda esikolweni, kodwa kunokubakho inkcazelo kwezinye iziphazamiso ezifana ne-ADHD.
Ukunyanga Ukungakwazi ukuguqula
Unyango lwe-convergence insufficiency iyahlukahluka ngokuxhomekeka kobunzima besimo. Nangona iiglasi zingadinga ukuba zibekwe, ukungafezeki kolwazi kudlalwa rhoqo ngonyango. Ulwaphulo lombono lunemizimba ethile okanye i-computer-aided vision exercises engenzeka ukuba yenziwe emsebenzini okanye ekhaya ukuqinisa imisipha yeeyeso esivumela ukuba siphendule amehlo ngaphakathi.
Izifundo zibonisa ukuba unyango olwenziwa kwiofisi yegqirha kunokuba ikhaya luneziphumo ezingcono. Ngokuphawulekayo, ezi zihlunu ziyakomelezwa kwaye ziqeqeshwe kakuhle. Iimpawu zibonakala ziphucula kubantu abaninzi emva kweeveki ezine zokuzivocavoca okanye unyango oluxhaswa yikhompyutha.
Uguqulelo olugqithiseleyo
Ukugqithisa ukugqithisa ibinzana elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza ukungalingani kwamanye amajoni apho amehlo athambekele ekungeneni ngaphakathi xa ebheka into ekufutshane. Oku kubangelwa uhlobo oluthile lokungafani phakathi kwamehlo kunye nengqondo. Inkqubo kufuneka isebenze nzima ukugcina ukulungelelaniswa kwamehlo kunokuba kuyimfuneko. Kwezinye iimeko, abantu abahlupheke ngokugqithiseleyo babone kabini. Ngenxa yokuba ubuchopho bethu abathandi ukububona kabini, ingqondo iqala ukucima enye yemifanekiso xa kubonakala umbono obini. Ukugqithisa ukuguquka kunokuchaphazela omnye okanye zombini amehlo.
Xa amehlo ewela, kuthiwa yi- esotropia . Ukuba umntwana unomdla wokuba amehlo awele kuwo kodwa unokuzigcina zichanekileyo ixesha elininzi, kuthiwa yi-esophoria. I-esophoria ifana nesimo esotropia esifikile. Amehlo anokukwazi ukulawula ixesha elininzi, kodwa ukuba enye okanye zombini amehlo awela ngaphakathi, ibhalwe isototysi. Iimpawu zovunguzo zivame ukuba nombono ombini, ukukhathala kwamehlo, iintloko, ukuthatha inzondelelo ecaleni kwamehlo, ukukhwaza kwentloko, okanye ukugqithisa ngokugqithiseleyo.
Ukunyuka kwe-Convergence Excess
Xa umntwana efundwa ngokugqithiseleyo, ubhala, okanye usebenza kwikhompyutheni, bahlala bekhalaza ngesidlova. Unyango lwe-convergence excess uqulethe ukuqeqeshwa kombono okanye ukuqeqeshwa kombono. Nangona ezininzi izigulane ziphumelele ngokuqeqeshwa kombono, kunzima ukulawula kunokuba ungenako ukuguquka. Kulula ukuqeqesha amehlo ukujika ngaphezulu, kodwa kunzima ukuqeqesha amehlo akho ukuba aphume.
Amaxesha amaninzi, izibuko zamehlo zisebenza kakuhle kule meko. Xa amehlo agxininisa, kubangela ukuguqulwa okukhulu. Kwimeko yomntu onokugqithisa, oku kubangela ukuba amehlo aphendule ngaphezulu. Ngeziglasi zamehlo, umgudu wokugxininisa uncitshiswe kunye nesignali yokuguquguquka. I-Prism nayo inokumiselwa. Iifrims zihambisa umqondiso othile ngendlela efanelekileyo ukuze iso lingahambelani. I-prism ingavumela amehlo ukuba abe kwindawo ethile okanye kwindawo apho baziva bekhululekile. I-Prism iyakongezwa kwisigxina sakho seglasi.
ILizwi
Zininzi izinto ezinokubangela ubandezelo kwamehlo kubantwana. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ngxaki azisoloko zifumana ingqalelo yomzali kuba ayisoloko ebangela umbono ophazamisekileyo. Nangona abantwana bebona umbono ophazamisayo, basenokungazi indlela yokuyichaza ngokucacileyo kubazali babo. Basenokucinga ukuba indlela abayibona ngayo iphela ngokuqhelekileyo. Yilungileyo elungileyo ukucwangcisa uviwo olubanzi lweziliso kunye ne-optometrist okanye i-ophthalmologist ukujonga le miqathango njengoko abantwana bangena esikolweni.