Omnye ummandla onomdla wokwenza uphando ngexesha elide kwii-telomeres, zeziphi "iingcebiso" ekupheleni kwee-chromosomes zethu, ezenziwe ngokulandelelana kweDNA engekho yekhowudi. I-Telomeres ibambe iqhaza elibalulekileyo kwimpilo yabantu kunye nezenzululwazi ezithe zafumana i-Nobel Prize kwi-Physiology okanye kwiMithi ngo-2009.
Xa iiseli ziza kulwahlula, i-DNA kufuneka iphindwe.
Ii-enzymes ezenza inkqubo yokuziphindaphinda ziqala ngokulinda kwi-chromosome. Isabelo se-chromosome apho umatshini wokuphindaphinda unakho ukukopishwa khona, ngoko ngokohlulo ngalunye lweseli, i-chromosome yayiza kufutshane. Ukunciphisa iTelomere kuyisilathisi sokuguga kwamaselula. I-Telomeres yimiqolo ye-DNA kwiziphelo ze-chromosomes ezibonelela indawo yoomatshini wokuphindaphinda ukuxhoma, ukuze i-DNA strand ikopishwe ngokupheleleyo. Ukuze kube nokunye ukuphindaphinda, kufuneka kube neelomere eyaneleyo ukubonelela indawo ye-enzymes yokuziphindaphinda ukugcina, ukugcina iimbini zombini zekhowudi zokudibanisa zichanekile kwaye zifumane ukukopishwa. Ukuba i-telomere iya kuba mfutshane, ukuphindaphinda kwe-DNA kuyacatshiswa, kwaye iseli ayikwazi ukwahlula. Iiseli zineendlela ezikhoyo zokugcina i-telomeres. I-enzyme telomerase yakha kabusha i-telomeres, ukuhlawulela ukuncishiswa okwenzeka ngokuhlukana kweseli nganye.
Ukuguga kwamathambo kukhokelela kwiSelence Senescence
Ukuguga kwamangqamuzana, okuquka ukunciphisa i-telomere kunye nomonakalo we-DNA, ekugqibeleni kubangele ubukhulu besantya, isimo sokubanjwa kwamagqabi. Iseli isaphila, kodwa ayinempilo kwaye ayikwazi ukuhlula. Njengoko iiseli ezininzi kunye nezicubu ziba yintlupheko, ngokuqinisekileyo izicubu ziguga, umsebenzi walo uhlaselwa.
Iisensi ze-Senescent azikwazi ukwenza iinkqubo zeselula eziqhelekileyo, ziphazamise ukukwazi ukulungisa umonakalo, kunye nezinto eziphathekayo ezichaphazela kakubi ukusebenza kwamaseli angumakhelwane kwaye zikhuthaza ukukhula komhlaza.
I-Telomeres emfutshane inxulumene neZifo
Ubude beTelomere kunye nomsebenzi we-telomerase bunokulinganiswa kumaseli egazi abamhlophe, kwaye oku kunikwe abaphandi ithuba lokuphanda iziganeko kunye nezifo zibandakanya izibophelelo kula makhasi asebekhulile.
Kwizifundo zabantu, ubude be-telomere ubude okanye umsebenzi ophantsi we-telomerase uye wadibaniswa nenani lezilonda ezingapheliyo, ezikhuselekekileyo, ezibandakanya uxinzelelo lwegazi, izifo zengqondo, ukunyamezela kwe-insulin, uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela, ukuxinezeleka, i-osteoporosis, kunye nokukhuluphala.
Ukutya kunye neendlela zokuphila zichaphazela iTelomere Ubude
Ubude beTelomere kunye nomsebenzi we-telomerase zichaphazelekayo ziimpembelelo zomzimba kunye nezendalo, kubandakanywa ukutya kunye nokukhetha kwendlela yokuphila. Amanqanaba aphezulu kwimifuno kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziqhamo, intlawulo yefayibha, i-vitamin kunye ne-mineral intake, kunye nokuzivocavoca zizinto ezinxulumene neetelomeres ezide kunye nomsebenzi omkhulu we-telomerase. Ukugcina i-telomeres kubonakala yindlela yeendlela ezininzi zokuziphatha eziphilileyo ezikhuthaza ukuhlala ixesha elide.
Imithombo:
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Impembelelo yokuguqulwa kwezinto zokuphila ngokubanzi kwimisebenzi ye-telomerase kunye nobude be-telomere kumadoda ane-risk-proven-risk proven cancer-cancer: ulandelelwano lweminyaka emi-5 yesifundo esichazayo.
Marcon F, Siniscalchi E, Crebelli R, et al. Ukunciphisa i-telomere enxulumene nokutya kunye nokuzinza kwe-chromosome. Mutagenesis 2012, 27: 49-57.