I-World Health Organization ibize ukunyanya komntwana "enye yeyona mingeni yempilo enzima kakhulu karhulumente yekhulu lama-21" kwaye ayiyikuhamba nayiphi na ixesha kungekudala. Phakathi kuka-1990 no-2012, inani labantwana abancinci okanye abancinci kunye nabantwana abancinci (ukufikelela kwiminyaka emihlanu) banda kwihlabathi ukususela kwizigidi ezingama-31 ukuya kwizigidi ezingama-44-i-42 ekhulwini kunyuka ngaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amabini kuphela.
Ukuba ukuqhubeka kwamanqanaba kuqhubeka, ngo-2025, elo nani kulindeleke ukuba likhule kuma-70 yezigidi zabantwana abangakhange babhiyozele imihla yabo yokuzalwa yesi-5.
Ububanzi beNgxaki
Akuyona nje imbambano kumazwe acebileyo emhlabeni jikelele. Ukunyanya ukukhula komntwana kudla kakhulu kwiindawo ezininzi eziphantsi kunye nephakathi, ngokukodwa kwimimandla yasezidolophini. Enyanisweni, izinga lokunyusa kumazwe asakhulayo liye lalingaphezu kwama-30 ekhulwini ngaphezu kwamazwe athuthukile.
Phakathi kwabantu abadala, izinga elipheleleyo lokunyamezela liye landa phezulu kunaloo bantwana kumazwe amaninzi, ngaphandle kwe-Australia, ngokutsho kwabaphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseNorth Carolina e-Chapel Hill. Kodwa izinga apho abantwana beba ngaphezu kokugqithisa kakhulu liye likhawuleza-ngokukhawuleza kunokuba libadala-eBrazil, eChina, e-UK, e-US nase-Australia, oko kuthetha ukuba ukukhuluphala kwamanzi phakathi kwabantu abadala kunye nabantwana kuncipha kula mazwe.
Ngokomzekelo, kwiminyaka engama-30 edluleyo, izinga lokunyamezela kwabantwana e-US liphindwe kathathu, kwaye namhlanje abantwana abathathu babonwa njengongaphezu komzimba kwaye omnye wabantwana abathandathu abagqithiseleyo. EYurophu, iSpain inezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokugqithisa phakathi kwabafundi bangaphambili, kwaye iRomania ineyona ephantsi. Ngokubanzi, iipesenti ezingama-24 zezingane zesikolo, abaneminyaka engama-6 ukuya kweyesi-9, eYurophu zithathwa njengongaphezu komzimba, kwaye iCyprus, iGrisi, iSpeyin, neNgilani inezinye iindleko zokunyamezela kakhulu phakathi kwabantwana abaneminyaka eli-10 ukuya kwe-18, ngokwemibiko evela Isikolo seHarvard seMpilo kaRhulumente.
Ngaphandle kweAfrika, apho indlala, ukunyamezela, nokungondleki kubekho ukukhathazeka okubalulekileyo phakathi kwabantwana, izinga lokunyameka komntwana landa. Okwangoku, kumazwe amaninzi aseAsia (ngaphandle kweJapan), kwanda ukunyuka kwama-53 kwindleko yokugqithisa nokugqithisa phakathi kwabafundi bangaphambi ko-1990 no-2010.
Umthombo weNgxaki
I-common denominator emva kwesi simo somhlaba wonke: Amanqanaba aphakama ekunyanyeni komntwana ayingxenye evela ekutshintsheni ekunyuseni ukwandiswa kokutya kwe-calorie-dens "ephezulu kwioli kunye noshukela kodwa aphantsi kwamavithamini, amaminerali kunye nezinye i-micronutrients enempilo, kunye ukunyuka kwamazinga omgangatho wokusebenza ngokomzimba, "ngokutsho kweNational Health Organization. Kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, ukuthengiswa ngokukhawuleza kokutya okuphezulu kweekhalori kunye neengxube zezilwanyana kubangele kwingxaki, kwaye ubuninzi beendlela zokuphila zethu kwenza ukuba kube nzima ukuba abantwana bahlanganyele kwimisebenzi yokwenza ngokwaneleyo kunye neendlela eziphilileyo zokusebenza ukudlala.
Ngelishwa, akukho isisombululo esilula kulezi mpe mbelelo. Amazwe ahlukeneyo athatha amanyathelo okulungisa ingxaki yobunzima bebuntwaneni ngendlela ekhuselekileyo yemveli. Okwangoku, i-World Health Organisation iqulunqe iKomishini ephezulu ekupheliseni ukunyaniseka kobuntwana kunye nenjongo yokuqokelela iingcebiso kwiingcali emhlabeni jikelele kwaye yenza iingcebiso malunga nendlela yokujongana neengxaki ezikhoyo.
Ekubeni yinkathazo eninzi, isisombululo sidinga ukuba sibe nemihlaba emininzi, kwaye ke, kutheni ezininzi iingcali zempilo ezahlukeneyo, izazinzulu, ezoqoqosho kunye nezinye iingcali zifuneka ukuba zilinganise ngeengcamango zomhlaba jikelele.
Kuninzi kunzima xa iingcali zingenazo iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokuguqula le ndlela. Emva koko, ukunyamezela komntwana kubangela iintlobo zemiphumo engavumelekanga yomzimba kunye nempembelelo yengqondo, kwakhona. Ngaphezulu, abantwana abagqithiseleyo banokuqhubeka beba nzima kakhulu njengabantu abadala, bebeka iindawo ezininzi zeengxaki zempilo kunye nomgangatho wobomi obuthathaka, njengoko bekhula.
Leyo yayiza kuba lilifa elibi kwisizukulwana esilandelayo, naphi na kwihlabathi.
> Imithombo:
Isikolo seHarvard seMpilo kaRhulumente. Umthombo Wokukhusela Ukunyusa Umzimba: Ubunzima Bantwana.
I-Popkin BM, uConde W, Hou N, Monteiro C. Ngaba kukho i-Lag ehlabathini jikelele kwi-Trends Overweight Trends kubantwana abafaniswa nabadala? Ukunyaniseka, Oktobha 2006; 14 (10): 1846-53.
Umbutho WezeMpilo Wehlabathi. IsiCwangciso seSizwe ngokuSidlo, umsebenzi oPhezulu, kunye nezeMpilo: Ubuncinane bokukhula komntwana kunye nokunyanya.
Umbutho WezeMpilo Wehlabathi. Isicwangciso seSigqeba soMhlaba kwiDiet, Umsebenzi weMvelo, kunye neMpilo: Iinkcukacha kunye neenkalo zobungqina bebuntwaneni.