Iimpawu kunye neMpawu zokuBheka
I-Extravasation yilapho imithi yechemotherapy okanye enye imichiza ephumayo ngaphandle kwe-vein okanye kwesikhumba, okwenza ukuba kuthathwe impendulo. Kwi-chemotherapy, iziyobisi zihlulwa zibe ziindidi ezibanzi ezisekelwe kwisiphumo esinezicubu xa zikhupha izikhumbuza kunye neengxaki.
I-Irritants eyongezelelweyo
Imishanguzo e-irritant yilezo ezibangelwa yesikhashana, umonakalo omkhulu kumzimba xa zivuza.
Ukuba kukho i-extravasation yonyango elingaqhelekanga, uya kubona ubungqombela, ukuvuvukala, ukuhlambalaza kunye nokuhlaziywa okunokwenzeka kwisiza sakho se-intravenous (IV).
Ukuba enye yala mayeza avuza, umboneleli wakho wezempilo uyakuyeka ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, qalisa i-IV entsha kwaye unike intsalela yamachiza kwisayithi elitsha. Unyango lwe-extravasation yamachiza angenangqondo igxile ekwenzeni isiza sizive sikhululekile kunokwenzeka. Umboneleli wakho wezempilo unokuncoma unyango olunzima, olufana neTylenol, kunye nokuphoqeleka okupholileyo njengoko kuyimfuneko.
Eminye imizekelo yeemvakalelo ezivame ukunikezelwa kunyango lwe- leukemia kunye ne- lymphoma ziquka, i-cytarabine, i-bleomycin, i-epoposide kunye ne-dacarbazine.
Ukukhutshwa kweeVesicants
IiVesicants ziyizidakamizwa ezinokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwizicubu xa zivuza ngaphandle kwe-vein. Kule meko, uya kubona kwakhona obomvu nokuvuvukala, kodwa mhlawumbi ukungahambi kakuhle kwiziko le-IV kuya kubonakala ngakumbi.
Ezinye zeempawu ze-extravasation zingabonakali kwiiyure eziliqela emva kokuba zenzeke. Ngokuxhomekeke kwisixa semfuyo esicatshulwayo, kunokubakho ukukhawuleza, ukukhangela kunye nokukhanyeka kwesikhumba kwisayithi. Kungenzeka ukuba kuthathe iintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba umonakalo opheleleyo we-tissue umonakalo ubonakale.
Ubungakanani be-extravasation ebonakalayo buxhomekeke kwisicatshulwa esithile, isixa esaphuma, ukugxininiswa kwesilwanyana kunye nezenzo ezithathwe ngokukhawuleza emva kokutshintshana.
Umongikazi wakho okanye ugqirha uya kumisa isilwanyana kwaye azame ukuxhamla njengamayeza anako. Baya kusetyenziswa ukunyanzelisa okufudumele okanye okubandayo (kuxhomekeke kumachiza) kwaye kunokufuna ukufaka isicelo okanye ukufaka i-antidote yokunciphisa umonakalo wesisu. Ukuba kukho ubomvu, iqela lakho lononophelo lwempilo liza kuluchaza ngokucacileyo indawo kunye nomakishi ukuze bakwazi ukuxelela ukuba kuphuculwe okanye kubi. Njengokuba kunesilumkiso semithi esilumkileyo, umniki-nkonzo wakho wezempilo uyakufuna ukunika intsalela ye-chemotherapy ngokusebenzisa indawo entsha ye-IV.
Ungadinga ukubona ugqirha ukuba kukho umonakalo obunzulu bomzimba.
Imizekelo yeziyobisi ezinobumba ziquka i-vincristine, i-vinblastine, i-vinorelbine, i-idarubicin, i-doxorubicin kunye ne-daunorubicin.
Indima Yakho Ekukhuseleni I-Extravasation
Nangona oongikazi noogqirha abakunikeza i-chemo baqeqeshwe ekulawuleni la mayeza, ingozi iyakwenzeka. Ukuba i-chemo yakho ingumngcipheko ophezulu wokumonakalisa umonakalo, ugqirha wakho angakhetha ukufaka i -catheter ye-venous central (CVC) . Iingubo ezongezelelweyo ezivela kwiiCVC, ngelixa zisenokwenzeka, zigqithise kakhulu.
Ngenxalenye yakho, kukho izinto ezimbalwa onokuzenza ukuze uthintele ingxowankulu:
- Yiphatha indawo yakho ene-intravenous okanye i-CVC ngononophelo.
- Gwema ukuthintela indawo ye-IV okanye i-tubing ngexesha lokungena.
- Vumela umongikazi okanye ugqirha wakho azi ngokukhawuleza ukuba uqala ukuba neempawu zokutshisa, ukubetha okanye ukubetha nge-IV indawo yakho ngexesha lokunyuswa.
- Ukuba ubona ububomvu okanye ukuvuvukala emva kokushiya isikhungo somhlaza, biza ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuqulunqa
I-Chemotherapy extravasations ayiqhelekanga kakhulu. Ukwahlula kwezidakamizwa njengento enqamlekileyo okanye ecasulayo kuya kunceda ukuqikelela inani lomonakalo olungabangela. Ngelixa isinyathelo ngasinye sithathwa ukukhusela ukukhutshwa komzimba, kuya kwenzeka.
Uxanduva lwakho njengesigulane kukuvumela umongikazi okanye ugqirha ukuba wazi ukuba uyayibona nayiphi na utshintsho kwisayithi lakho elingaphakathi ngexesha okanye emva kwe-chemo infusion.
Imithombo:
Goodman, M. Chemotherapy: Iimigaqo zoLawulo. E-Yarbro, C., Frogge, M., Goodman, M., Groenwald, S. eds (2000) Ubunakekeli beCancer : Imigaqo kunye ne-5th American Society Cancer, uJones noBartlett: eSudbury, MA.
JA Pérez Fidalgo, MD, kunye. al. "Ulawulo lwe-chemotherapy extravasation: Izikhokelo ze-ESMO-EONS Clinical Practice Guidelines." I-Annals ye-Oncology Volume 23, Issue number 7, Pp. vii167-vii173.