Ubonise igama elithi "Umphenduli Wokuqala" ekuprintweni okanye okukhankanywe ngumviwa wephondo okanye ezimbini. Le mihla, isetyenziswe ngokubanzi, kodwa iqalile njengesihloko esiphezulu se-EMS, epheleleyo kunye neentengo.
Oko umphenduli wokuqala oxhomekeke kuyo apho uhlala khona, kodwa mhlawumbi ayikho i- ambulensi .
Ukujongana noxinzelelo lwezonyango
Ulwalamano lwabaPhenduli bokuqala kwii-ambulensi luhlukile kwi- EMS .
Ngokungafani nokunyanzeliswa komthetho okanye ukunyanzelwa komlilo, apho umntu wokuqala afike khona kwimeko kufuneka abe namandla okuhlasela imeko (izibhamu okanye izigodo, kuxhomekeke kwimfuno), ukukhawuleza kwezobisi kufuneka kulungiswe ngamanyathelo ahlukeneyo:
- Yeka ulungxamiseko ukuqhubela phambili kwimiphumo emibi
- Ukuthutha isiguli kwisondlo esicacileyo (isebe eliphuthumayo yesibhedlele, isikhungo sokushisa, isikhungo sokuxhwalalisa, i-lab ye-catheterization lab, njl.
I-ambulensi iyimfuneko ukuthutha isigulane, kodwa abanye abaphenduli bezonyango bangenza isinyathelo sokuqala. Babizwa ngokuba yi- R irst R , i-term eguquke kwi-media-ngakumbi ukususela ngo-9/11-ukuthetha bonke abaphenduli bezoxinzelelo, kodwa ngokusemthethweni kubhekisela kubantu bezonyango ababetha i-ambulensi kwindawo. Abaphenduli abaqalayo abaqalayo ngabafaki-mlilo, kodwa kukho imizekelo ejikelezwe kweli lizwe, kubandakanywa ne- paramedics abangatshatanga kwiimoto ze-Quick Response (QRV) okanye nakwiibhasikidi.
Amagosa okuthotyelwa komthetho anokufezekisa indima yoMphenduli wokuqala.
Ukubaluleka kobudlelwane bexesha lokuphendula
Izihlandlo zokuphendula zivame ukubonwa njengento ebaluleke kakhulu kuzo zonke iinkonzo zongxamiseko ezintathu: ukunyanzeliswa komthetho, ukunyanzelwa komlilo kunye neenkonzo zonyango eziphuthumayo (EMS). Kuye kwavela ngale ndlela ngenxa yezoxakeka kuzo zonke iinkonzo zintathu zinokunyuka ngokukhawuleza kwaye abaphenduli bexesha eliphuthumayo bangakwazi ukwenza into yokuba bayeke xa befika khona ngexesha.
Amapolisa anokumisa umntu ohlaselayo ukuba angenzi nzakalo (okanye enze okungakumbi umonakalo kunokuba sele kwenziwe); isebe lomlilo liyakwazi ukuhlangula amaxhoba esakhiweni esivuthayo; I-EMS inokukwazi ukuhlaziya umntu ekubanjweni komzimba (enye yenani elincinane kakhulu lezonyango eziqinisekisiwe ukuphumela ekufeni xa kungaphathwa kakuhle kwaye ngokukhawuleza).
Mhlawumbi isizathu esivakalayo sokuba amaxesha okuphendula kukuba umcimbi uluntu lukulindele ukukhala uncedo ukuze uphendule ngokukhawuleza kwaye unomuvo wokuphuthuma. Sifuna ukucinga nge-ambulensi ekhwaza ngesitalato kunye nezibane ezikhanyayo kunye nokulila. Akukho nto iya kuba yimeko engxamisekileyo ebaluleke ngaphezu kwexesha lethu lexakeka.
Uninzi lwexesha, nangona kunjalo, imizuzu ayibali-ubuncinane kungekhona iibulensi. Akukho sifundo esisodwa esidibanisa iziphumo zesigulane esifanelekileyo (izigulane zihamba ngcono) kunye nee-ambulensi zifike kwicala lomgcini ngaphambili. Oko akuthi umntu makangayi kufika kungekudala, kodwa akufanele ukuba yi-ambulensi.
Amacandelo okufumana ukukhawuleza
Iintlobo ezininzi zichaphazela ixesha lokuphendula-ithrafikhi, i-geography, ukungaphumeleli kwemishini, iinkqubo zokuthumela, njl.
Ukuba kukho njalo i-ambulensi ihleli imizuzu elishumi ukusuka kuwe xa ubiza 911 , nayiphi na ifowuni yongxamiseko ingafumana i-ambulensi kwisithuba semaminithi elishumi. Umthetho olula.
Ukuhlala unaloo-ambulensi ekhoyo kuya kuphumela ekufikeni kwindawo engama-10 imizuzu ye-100 ekhulwini yexesha. Indlela yodwa yokwenza abaphenduli abaqinisekileyo babehlala bekhona ngexesha bekuya kukhukula inkqubo kunye nezixhobo. Oku akukwenzekayo kuba ukufumaneka kwemithombo kubiza imali. Iyure nganye yokufumaneka-into ebizwa ngokuba yiyunithi yeyure-ineendleko ezininzi ezinxulumene nayo: iholo lomsebenzi, umbane, ugqoke kunye nokukrazula kwezixhobo, izixhobo zokuthenga izinto, iindleko zoqeqesho, njl njl.
Oku kudala ukhuphiswano phakathi kwezinto eziphathekayo zeendleko kunye nokulindela kwenkonzo ngabahlali.
Esikhundleni sendlela ekhethileyo yokunyusa iiyunithi eziliqela kwiinkqubo, kunokwenzeka ukucoca umkhiqizo ophezulu kwiyunithi nganye kwiyure ngokuphucula ukusebenza. Ukuba nganye i-ambulensi ingaphendula ngaphezulu iifowuni zeenkonzo ngeyure, imfuneko yezibonelelo ezongezelelweyo iyancitshiswa. Iba ngumlinganiselo onokubonwa kwinkqubo elawula kakuhle izibonelelo zayo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, oomasipala abaninzi balinganisa ixesha lokuphendula njengommeli kwimpilo ye-EMS. Ngaphantsi (i-AKA ngokukhawuleza ) ixesha lokuphendula, bhetele inkqubo iyaqhuba.
Ngaba Abaphenduli bokuqala kufuneka babe ngabaParamedics?
Ukuthetha ngemali, kukho impikiswano kwi-EMS malunga nokuba nguwuphi uMphenduli oPhezulu olungcono, i-EMT okanye i-paramedic. Inkxaso yokuphila ephakamileyo (ALS) Abaphenduli bokuqala bane-paramedic ebhodini kunye nenkxaso yokuphila ngokusisiseko (BLS) Abaphenduli bokuqala baneengcali zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo (EMT). Iiparamedics zibiza kakhulu.
Uluhlu oluncinci lwenkqubo emele lwenziwe ngethuba lemizuzu yokuqala kwexesha eliphuthumayo lwezonyango (i- CPR , i- defibrillation , ukulawulwa kwegazi, ulawulo lwe- epinephrine , kunye nokunyanzeliswa kokunyanzelela) zonke iinkqubo ezingenziwa nge-EMT. Emva kokuba ezi zinto ziqalisiwe, uxakeka loxinzelelo luye lwaqedwa, okanye ubuncinci luye lwacotha. Isigulane ngokuqinisekileyo sifuna unyango olongezelelweyo kunye nokuthutha ukuya kunonophelo lwonyango oluchanekileyo, kodwa imizuzu embalwa eyongezelelweyo ayiyi kwenza umdehluko omkhulu kweli nqanaba. Abaphenduli bokuqala kufuneka bafikelele (oku kuthetha ukuba sifuna ezininzi zazo) kwaye kufumaneka ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza xa ubiza 911. Ukusebenzisa abaphenduli be-BLS bokuqala kukunceda ukuba ifikeleleke.
Iimeko eziqhelekileyo
Makhe ndisebenzise umzekelo wokubanjwa komzimba ukubonisa indlela esebenza ngayo:
- Intliziyo yomonde iyeka ukupompa ngokwaneleyo igazi (ukuboshwa kwentliziyo).
- Iifowuni zee-911 kwaye ziqala iCPR (Ummeli weCPR, uhlobo lweenkonzo ze-BLS).
- Abaphenduli bezokwelapha bafika baze baqhubeke beqhuba i-CPR, ngoku ngokufakela ukuphefumula (BLS ukunakekelwa, enokuthi iqhutywe yi-BLS okanye i-ALS First Responders, okanye nayiphi na i-ambulensi, kwaye kufuneka iqaliswe ngemizuzu emihlanu ye-original dispatch).
- Abaphenduli bezonyango babeka i-defibrillator kwisigulane kwaye bayatshitshisa intliziyo (ukunakekelwa kwe-BLS, enokuthi iyenziwe yi-BLS okanye i-ALS First Responders, okanye nayiphina i-ambulensi, kwaye kufuneka iqaliswe kwiminitha emihlanu yencwadi yokuqala).
- Abaphenduli bezokwelapha baqala umgca wokubambisa ukubonelela ngamanzi kunye noxilongo (ukunakekelwa kwe-ALS, enokuthi iqhutywe yi-ALS First Responders okanye ii-ambulensi ze-ALS, kwaye kufuneka ziqaliswe zingakapheli imizuzu elishumi ye-original dispatch).
- Abaphenduli bezokwelapha banikezela umoya ohamba phambili ukuze bavuselele isigulane (ukunakekelwa kwe-ALS, enokuthi iqhutywe yi-ALS First Responders okanye ii-ambulensi ze-ALS, kwaye kufuneka iqaliswe zingakapheli imizuzu elishumi yencwadi yokuqala).
- Abaphenduli bezonyango banikezela unyango kwisigulane (ukunakekelwa kwe-ALS, enokuthi iyenziwe ngabaphenduli bokuqala be-ALS okanye ii-ambulensi ze-ALS, kwaye kufuneka ziqaliswe zingakapheli imizuzu elishumi ye-original dispatch).
- Abaphenduli bezonyango balungiselela isigulane sothutho esibhedlele baze balayishe isigulane kwi-ambulensi (kufuna i-ambulensi, enokuthi ifumaneke kwicala lesigulane kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi elinesibini kwincwadi yokuqala).
Amanyathelo amabini okuqala ayenzeka ngaphambi kokuba abaphenduli bafike. Amanyathelo amathathu nantathu angenziwa naliphi na umphenduli we-ALS okanye i-BLS, i-ambulensi okanye injini yomlilo. Amanyathelo amahlanu ukuya kwi sixhenxe afuna i-paramedics kwaye kufuneka abe nabaphenduli be-ALS, injini yomlilo okanye i-ambulensi. Isinyathelo sesibhozo sidinga i-ambulensi.
Akusoloko kusetyenziswa i-paramedics kunokuvakala njengokunciphisa ukhathalelo lwezokwelapha, kodwa ngo-2005, i- USA Today yanyathelisa uchungechunge lwamaqhosha amahlanu olubonisa ukuba ii-EMS iinkqubo ezineepediedics ezimbalwa zinezinga eliphezulu lokusinda kwenhliziyo. Ukuba ubiza i-911 kwimeko yengxamisekileyo yonyango, ungakhathazeki ukuba umntu okulindeleyo akabonakali ekuqaleni. Umphenduli wokuqala uyakwazi ukunceda.
> Imithombo:
> Sanghavi P, Jena AB, iNewhouse JP, i-Zaslavsky AM. Iziphumo Emva kokuphuma kwe-Hospital Cardiac Ukubanjwa Kuqhutywe yi-Basic vs Advanced Life Support. JAMA Intern Med. 2015 Feb; 175 (2): 196-204. i-doi: 10.1001 / jamainternmed.2014.5420.
> Sanghavi P, Jena AB, iNewhouse JP, i-Zaslavsky AM. Iziphumo zeSiseko esiSiseko kunye neNkxaso yezoBomi eziPhambili kwi-Out-of-Hospital Hospital. Ann Intern Med . 2015 uNgo-3; 163 (9): 681-90. i-doi: 10.7326 / M15-0557. Epub 2015 Oktobha 13.