Isiza esichaphazelekayo sisigqirha esicatshulwayo esisebenzisa igama elihlukile. Uya kuqonda amaninzi amagama. Uphawu lweTylenol lune-generic ebizwa ngokuthi i-acetaminophen. I-Prilosec yigama lomenzi we-omeprazole ohlobo, olunceda abantu abanesifo se-reflux. I-Metformin, esetyenziswe zizigulane zesifo sikashukela, igama eliqhelekileyo kwi-brand Glucophage.
I-US Food Management and Drug Administration (i-FDA) ibona ukuba isichengiselwano sesigqirha "siyafana, okanye i-bioequivalent, kwisiza segama lesiganeko kwifom yezilingo, ukhuseleko, amandla, indlela yokulawula , umgangatho, ukusebenza, iimpawu kunye nokusetyenziswa okujoliswe kuyo."
Kodwa iziyobisi zendalo zibiza ngaphantsi kohlobo lwazo (olubizwa nangokuthi "intsha"), kunye neendleko zokunyuka kweempilo zonyango, ukukhetha iziyobisi eziqhelekileyo kungaba yinye indlela yokugcina ixabiso eliphantsi. Ngenxa yokuba zindleko kakhulu, kulungile ukuba kubuze umbuzo malunga nokuba ngaba bengalingani ngokwenene.
Ziziphi iindawo ezahlukileyo phakathi kweeGeneric kunye neziDakamizwa eziMpawu?
Ngaphandle kwexabiso, kukho ubuncinci bezinye ezimbini.
Okokuqala, akuzona zonke izidakamizwa ezintsha ezivelisa i- generic version . Abo baqaliswe ngokutsha mhlawumbi banelungelo lobunikazi; ngoko i-generic ayikho. Ukuze ufumane izibonelelo zala machiza, uzakufuna ukusebenzisa iinguqulelo zegama.
Imithetho ye-Trademark yase-US idinga ukuba izidakamizwa zibukeke ngendlela eyahlukileyo, ngoko uguqulelo lwesi-generic lungaba ngumbala ohlukileyo, uhlobo oluthile, olunomdla ohlukile, okanye izithako ezingasebenziyo ezahlukileyo.
Kuye kubekho iingxaki ezichazwe ngabantu abaye batshintsha ukusuka kwisiza esichazayo kwi-generic yabo, nangona kunjalo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iingxaki zibonakala zivela kwiintlobo ezingasebenzi. Ezinye zibonakala ziphuma kwisixa sesithako esisebenzayo esifakwe kwinguqu eyahlukileyo. Iingxelo ezimbi ziyinqabile, kodwa ukuba uziva nazo, kufuneka uzihlolisise ngakumbi.
Kutheni Izidakamizwa Zesizukulwana Esiqhelekileyo Ziyabiza?
Xa umvelisi wezobisi ahlakulela isicatshulwa esitsha, ufumana i-patent yaloo mveliso. I-patent ikhusela utyalo-mali lonjiniyela ekuphuhliseni iilisi, kwaye akukho namnye onokuthengisa ngokusemthethweni isigxina esifanayo ngexesha elide. Kuya kukhuselwa iminyaka eyi-17.
Isilwanyana esikhuselweyo sephepha-mveliso siyisicatshulwa esitsha. Xa sithenga, sihlawula iindleko zophando, iindleko ezenzekayo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba zikhuselekile, iindleko zokuthengisa kunye nokuthutha izidakamizwa, kunye neprayim ukuba ngaba kuphela isicatshulwa esifumanekayo sesibonakaliso esithile, izifo okanye imeko . Ezi ndleko zingenza iziyobisi zibiza kakhulu ukuba sithenge. Umthuthukisi ubona amaninzi kwindleko ngendlela yokubuyisela iindleko zaso zophuhliso.
Xa ixesha elikhuselweyo le patent lidlulile, nayiphina inkampani inokuvelisa kwaye ithengise isilwanyana kunye nezithako ezifanayo njengegama elilodwa. Nangona kunjalo, i-FDA igxininisa ukuba isichengisi sohlobo kufuneka sinikezwe igama elitsha. Ekubeni inkampani eyenza i-generic ayizange ifake iindleko zophando loqobo, ukuvavanya okanye ukuthengisa, iindleko ziphantsi.
Ukuba unesicwangciso se- inshurensi esichaza izidakamizwa zonyango, unokumangaliswa ukwazi ukuba ezinye izidakamizwa ezizodwa ziyakukuhlawula imali encinane kwipokethi yakho kunokuba i-generics yenza.
Iinkampani zomshuwalense yezempilo zithengisa ixabiso lentengo yabavelisi kunye nabathengisi beziyobisi, ngamanye amaxesha kubangele ixabiso elincomekayo kubathengi babo abathintela iziyobisi.
Inkampani yakho yomshuwalense igcina uluhlu lwezilwanyana ezikhethiweyo, ezibizwa ngokuba yi- formulary , encedisa ukuqonda intengo. Ukuba ukhetho alucacile, khangela inkampani yakho yomshuwalense ukuba unqume ukuba i-branded okanye i-generic izakuhlawula ixabiso.
Ngaba Kukho Ukuhlaselwa Kwezidakamizwa Zesizukulwana?
Ukwazi indlela esinokuyigcina ngayo imali xa sihlawula iziyobisi zethu, kwaye sinokubakho imali esingayigcina kuyo yonke inkqubo yokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuba siyamkela i-generics ngokusebenzisa iinjongo zomshuwalense wezempilo , simele sizibuze ukuba kutheni singenakuthetha ukuthabatha generics.
Impendulo ingakumbi malunga nendlela abavelisi beziyobisi abasebenza ngayo, ukungabikho kolawulo lwe-FDA, kunye ncinane malunga nombuzo wangempela ukuba ingaba i-generics "iya kusebenza."
Uninzi lwazo iziyobisi zenziwe ngamanye amazwe; kungekho e-US. I-FDA inenkathazo eyaneleyo yokulawula iziyobisi ezenziwe kwilizwe layo; ayinako kwaye ayenzi umsebenzi omhle wokulawula abenzi bezilwanyana ngaphandle kwelanga. Omnye umzekelo wale ngxaki yi-Ranbaxy debacle ngo-2013 xa ekugqibeleni i-FDA ihlawulise i-$ 500 yezigidi ezihlawulisiweyo ngenxa yokuba i-Ranbaxy yayiziphethe kakubi ngamachiza ayo. Akukho mbuzo ukuba abanye abavelisi bayathengisa ngokusemthethweni iinguqu ezingamanga zamachiza avunyelwe ukuzenza, nazo.
Indlela efanelekileyo yokuqiniseka ukuba ufumene ngqo izilwanyana ozifunayo, ezitshintshiweyo okanye eziqhelekileyo, kukuthetha nogqirha wakho. Xa ugqirha wakho enika izilwanyana kuwe, buza ukuba kukho uhlobo olufanayo . Ukuba kukho, ke ubuze ukuba yeyiphi na ifom yezilwanyana ezenza ingqiqo enkulu kuwe.
Ukuba unolwazi malunga nokufumaneka kweenguqu zamachiza okwangoku uthabatha, i-FDA igcina isithenjwa esibizwa ngokuba yi-Orange Book.
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi kabanzi malunga nendlela inkampani yakho ye-inshorensi ixabisa ngayo iziyobisi zayo, zombini i-generic kunye ne-branded, ungafunda ngokubanzi malunga neelers kunye ne-pricery price .