Ubuninzi bemilinganiselo yobomi bwanamhlanje buqhutyelwa ngamandla ngokweenkcukacha zobungcali, kuquka iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zempilo kunye nokuphila kakuhle. Kude kangakanani ngaphambi kokuba ikhompyutheni ikwazi ukukhupha ukungenelelo ngoncedo lwezempilo olulawulwa ngabantu? Mhlawumbi kubaluleke ngakumbi, kungekudala ngaphambi kokuba umntu azimisele ukuthemba umntu ongeyena umntu ukuba amphathe? Le mibuzo emibili inokuba yinto ephambili kwingxoxo-mpikiswano malunga nokukhangela iteknoloji yokufunda ngomatshini kunye ne-robhotics kwinkonzo yempilo.
Iikhomputha ziyakwazi "ukucinga" ngendlela eqhubekayo yabantu. Ingaba sisilungele okanye cha, ukuphuhliswa kwamuva kwinkcazo yekhompyutheni yenkcazo yokuba iminyaka yokuqeqeshelwa kwekhompyutha kunye nokunakekelwa kwezempilo sele ifikile.
Ukuhlalutya ngolwazi ngezeMpilo
Akusiyo mfihlelo esabelana ngazo zonke iintlobo zengcaciso yabucala kwaye, rhoqo, rhoqo, xa sithenga okanye siphequlula kwi-intanethi. Ukukwazi ukuxela iziganeko zempilo ngokulandela ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga kubonakaliswe ngokugqithiseleyo ngo-2012 xa umthengisi uTharget wabonisa ihlabathi abanokuzixela ngokuchaneka ngokungaqhelekanga ukuba umfazi wayekhulelwe ngokukodwa kwimikhwa yakhe yokuthenga-ngamanye amaxesha ukuthumela iindaba zokukhulelwa amalungu osapho.
Iinkcukacha ezininzi zobuqu ziyahlalutya ngokulandelelana ngokuqhelekileyo ukuze zinike ingqiqo ngakumbi kwimikhwa nempawu. Ezinye zezi zenzo zenzeke ngokuzithandela kunye nolwazi olupheleleyo kunye nenkxaso, xa ezinye zingenziwa ngokunyanisekileyo ngemibutho nakwiinkampani.
Ukuziphatha ngokulandelelana kokuziphatha kuphakamisa imibuzo ethile yokuziphatha neyentlalo.
Abantu abaninzi ngoku ngokukhululekileyo banokwabelana ngolwazi lwabo lwezempilo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ngokubelana ngokucacileyo ngophando lwengozi lwempilo, ngokungaqhelekanga kwiingubo zokugqoka, kunye ngamanye amaxesha nangenalucalulo kwizithuba zoononophelo zoluntu kunye nokuthenga.
Ukuchaneka apho olu lwazi luya kuhlaziywa kwaye luchazwe lukhula, ludala zombini iingozi kunye namathuba, kwaye mhlawumbi usibeka kumda wexesha elitsha apho iteknoloji ingadlala indima ekukhuliseni impilo yethu nenhlalakahle ngendlela efanelekileyo.
Ukunyanzelisa iMpilo kunye nokuSombulula ingxaki yokuLawula
Iiposiso zokuxilonga zezogqirha zindawo enkulu yokukhathazeka. Isiphumo sokunganakwa okanye ukuhluleka ukuqwalasela ubuninzi bokukhetha, ezi mpazamo zinokuphazamisa isiguli kunye nosapho lwakhe. UNjingalwazi u-Eta Berner weYunivesithi yaseAlabama eBirmingham kunye noDkt Mark L. Graber we-Northport VA yeZiko lezeMpilo lifumene ukuba i-10 ukuya kwe-20 ekhulwini leemviwo zonyango ayifumanwanga kakuhle. UBergner kunye neGraber bhokisa ukuba iinkqubo ezichanekileyo zengqondo zikhusele ukuxilonga ngokuchanekileyo ixesha elininzi. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amaxesha apho ezi nkqubo zengqiqo zingaphumeleli. Uhlalutyo lukaBelner kunye neGraber lubonisa ukuba ukuzithemba ngokugqithisileyo kwonyango kunokuba yiyona nto ibangele iiphene zonyango. Ngaphezulu, ingxelo exhaswa yiArhente yoPhando loPhando lweMpilo kunye noPhulo ifumene iipesenti ezingama-28 zazo zonke iimpazamo zokuxilonga ukuba zibe nzima kakhulu, mhlawumbi ibonisa isiganeko esisongela ubomi.
Ukungazi kakuhle kakubi kunokubandakanya nayiphi na into ekumisela iyeza elingafanelekiyo ekukhutsheni i-part part body.
Esi sibalo sinokubangela ukuba abanye baxele ukuba ingxaki ekhoyo isenokusombulula ngokususa into eyenziwa ngabantu kwi-equation. I-teknoloji efana ne-IBM ka-Watson ngoku inika ithemba lokuba ulwazi lunokuqulunqwa kwaye luchazwe ngendlela ebonakalayo yabantu. I-teknoloji yekhamnethi yokuqonda ikwazi ukuhlalutya idatha engaqinisekisiweyo, ukuqonda imibuzo enzima kunye nabasebenzisi bokugqibela abajongene nesisombululo esisekelwe kwisiseko.
UWatson uhlose ukuphucula i-algorithms yokuqikelela, engazange ibonakalise iphumelele xa isetyenziswa kwiimeko zangempela-zobomi.
Nangona kunjalo, yintoni enokubangela ukuba u-Watson aqikelele ukuba kungenzeka ukuba iteknoloji yayo ingabonakali abantu xa kufikelele ekungeneni kwezempilo kunye nokufaneleka.
Ngo-2015, i-IBM Watson yakha ubudlelwane obucwangcisiweyo kunye neCVS Health, oku kwazisa ukufika kwekhompyutha engqondweni. Yacetyiswa ukuba kungekudala, oogqirha kunye nabasokhemisti babeza kufumana iteknoloji enokuthi, ngokuzenzekelayo, bafumane ukuhla kwezempilo kwimpilo.
Intsebenziswano phakathi kwe-Under Armor ne-IBM, esayinwe ngo-2016, yanika uWatson ithuba lokwakha nokuphuhlisa iqonga layo lempilo. I-Apple, nayo, yenza utyalo-mali obalulekileyo kwiqonga laseWatson ngenjongo yokuphucula iiplani zayo zophuhliso lwe-HealthKIT kunye nophando. Ngokombiko weGrater View Research Inc., i-market global cognitive computing market is expected to reach over $ 5 billion by 2020.
Ucwaningo lwezenzululwazi luxhasa ukusetyenziswa kwetheknoloji ukunciphisa umngcipheko wephutha kunye nengozi kumachiza. UDkt. Mark L. Graber ubonisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezibizwa ngokuthi "izixhobo zokuqala", ezinokuthi zichonge amacala e-risk of diagnostic error by analyzing records of health records and looking for differences. Iindidi ezahlukileyo zezixhobo ezisetyenziswayo ngoku zisetyenziswa kwizibhedlele zaseMerika, nangona kunjalo, abahlala bekwazi ukufumana iimpazamo zokuxilonga. Ngako oko, kwenziwa imizamo yokuqulunqa amanyathelo okuthintela okungcono.
Indlela ethembisayo yenziwe nguDkt. Hardeep Singh kunye noogxa bakhe. Bakhele i-electronic trigger engakwazi ukuchonga izigulane ezingabonakaliyo kwizikhundla zokuqeshwa kwezibhedlele zingapheli iiveki ezimbini zokutyelela kwabo ngokubaluleka, zibonisa ukuba into ethile ingase ilahleke ngexesha loviwo lokuqala. Iingcali ezininzi ziqikelela ukuba iteknoloji enjengale nto iya kunceda ukukhusela iimpazamo okanye ubuncinane ukubenzela ingqalelo kumzamo wokunciphisa.
Ukwamkela Ubulumko bobuchule
Ngo-2015, uSihlalo we-NHS England, uSir Malmm Grant, wabonisa uluvo lwakhe lokuba ukuhlakanipha kwengqondo kufanele kwamukelwe unyango lwempilo njengoko lukwazi ukuphucula umgangatho wokunyamekela kunye nokuhlaziywa kwamayeza. Abaninzi bezobugcisa bezempilo baye bavakalisa le ntliziyo. I-teknoloji ekwazi ukuxilonga ngokuqinisekileyo kunye / okanye ukuchonga iimpazamo zokuxilonga ngokuchithwa kwedatha kungekude.
Ikhompyutheni yocognitive kwicandelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo okwamanje lisetyenziselwa ngakumbi inxaxheba ekucebiseni kwaye ingenzi izigqibo zokugqibela okanye ukubuyisela abantu ngokwabo. UWatson, umzekelo, unceda abantu kunye nemibutho ukwenza izigqibo eziphambili kunye nezisisigxina zekliniki kwaye ngokukhawuleza baza kunceda abantu baphucule amanqanaba abo empilo ngokubambisana kwabo ngaphantsi kwe-Under Armor. Nangona kunjalo, kwakusemva nje kwexesha elifutshane ukuba iikhomputha zathatha abantu njengamandla amakhulu kwizemidlalo njengengqondo ye-chess, kunye namagunya ekhompyutheni ayanda. Ukongezelela, isalathisi sabantu sinezelwa kwiimpawu zekhompyutheni, ukwenza ingcamango yeekhompyutheni kunye neebhobhothi esinakekelekanga kungekudala.
> Imithombo
> Berner E, iGraber M. Overconfidence njengesizathu sokuPhoswa kweNgcaciso kwiMicrothelo. I-American Journal Of Medicine . 2008; 121: S2-S23.
> ML yokuGraber. Isiganeko sephutha lokuxilonga kwiyeza. I-BMJ Quality & Safety . 2013; 22 (iSiza 2): ii21-ii27. i-doi: 10.1136 / bmjqs-2012-001615.
> Lupton D. Ukukhuthazwa kwezeMpilo kwixesha lezedijithali: inkcazo ebalulekileyo. Ukukhuthazwa kwezeMpilo ngamazwe ngamazwe . 2015; 30 (1): 174-183
> Singh H, Giardina TD, Meyer NO, Forjuoh SN, Reis Singh H, Giardina TD, Meyer NO, Forjuoh SN, Reis MD, Thomas EJ. Iintlobo kunye neMpembelelo yeZiphumo zoLwazi kwiZistim zoNonophelo lweNtloko. JAMA lwangaphakathi . 2013; 173 (6): 418-425.
> Thompson M. Healthcare kunye neqela lokuqulunqa iikhompyutheni kwiinguqu ezinkulu. Iintlanganiso . 2015: 4-8.