Uphononongo luqinisekisa ukuba i-mammography (i-ray-ray ye-breast) amazinga amabhinqa aqinisekisiwe ahla ngo-6% ukuya kwi-17% phakathi kwabamhlophe, amaSpeyin, nabase-Asia, ngoxa amabhinqa amnyama ayancipha.
Isifundo, ekhokelwa nguJr. Frank Wharam, MB, MBA, evela kwiHarvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, eBoston, kwaye ixhaswa ngemali evela kwi-American Cancer Society, yabika malunga ne-mammography rates emva kweminyaka emi-3 emva kwe-United States ye-United States ye-Preventive Services Task Force utshintshe utshintsho kwizikhokelo ze-mammography eziqhelekileyo.
Iqela lophando lafunda i-mammography amazinga angama-5.5 yezigidi ezi-40 ukuya kuma-40 ubudala abaneminyaka engama-40-64 ubudala ababhalise kwinkqubo ye-insurer yezempilo ngonyaka ka-2005 ukuya ku-2012.
Iziphumo zokufundwa zipapashwa kwi-Intanethi kwi-Journal of Clinical Oncology.
Ukuhla kweendleko kwenzeke kwiminyaka emithathu ngokukhawuleza emva kweengxelo eziphikisanayo ngo-2009 xa i-United States ye-Preventive Services Task Force (i-USPSTF) ishintshile i-mammography yokucwangcisa iziphakamiso kwizigqibo zokujonga izicwangciso zabantwana besetyhini abaneminyaka engama-40 ukuya kwe-49 kunye nokuhlolwa kweminyaka emi-2 kubafazi iminyaka engama-50 ukuya kuma-74 ubudala. I-USPSTF sele isilungisile le ngxelo, yenza ukuhlolwa kwamabhinqa angaphantsi kwe-50 umcimbi wokuzikhethela ukuba uxoxwe kunye noogqirha babo. I-American Cancer Society ibikela ngolu phuhliso lwakutsha nje.
Xa uqwalasela ezi ngcebiso, khumbula iingcebiso ze-USPSTF zizimeleyo kwi-US government; kwaye akusiyo indawo esemthethweni yearhente karhulumente karhulumente.
Iingcebiso
Ngaphambi kombiko we-USPSTF, ukucwangciswa kwakuyiminyaka engama-1 ukuya kweyesi-2 kubesetyhini kwiminyaka engama-40 ukuya kuma-49 kunye nonyaka ngonyaka kwabasetyhini abangaphezu kwama-50. Oku kuhleli ishedyuli ephakanyisiweyo yocwaningo lwe-cancer yesifuba, unyango kunye nabanikezeli benkonzo abonelela rhoqo abafazi kuma-50s abo ukunyamekela ngamanqanaba omhlaza kamva.
Abaninzi babasetyhini bebengakhange baqalise ukuhlolwa kwezilwanyana kwiminyaka yabo-40.
Ngelishwa, abaninzi abafazi abayidingi naliphi na isikhuthazo sokuyeka ukufumana i-mammogram. Akukho mntu ufuna ukufumana i-x ray eya kubonisa umhlaza. Abasetyhini baye bakuva okanye bayazi ngamava abo ukuba i-mammogram ingaba namava angenakukhuseleka kunye nokuvelisa ukuxhalaba. Bonke bazimisele ukulungelelanisa malunga nokuhlehliswa komntu. Into efunwa yintombazana nganye inokwazi ukufumana umhlaza ngaphambi kokuba inkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba ivezwe ngunyango lwezobugqirha kwisifundo esiphezulu sebele.
Iinzuzo zeMammograms kunye nokuQaphela kwangaphambili
Ngo-1999 kwaye kwakhona ngo-2009 yam i-mammograms yaminyaka yonke ibonise into enokukrokreza ngomhlaza wesifuba. Akunamabhinqa amancinci amabini amancinci angabonakali kwiimviwo zebhokhwe ezizeleyo zenzeke ngokukhawuleza phambi kwam mammogram. Ngamnye wayengumhlaza wamandulo ongenasasazeka ngaphaya kwebele. Andizange ndifune i-chemotherapy ngenxa yomhlaza.
Xa ungadingi i- chemotherapy njengenxalenye yonyango lwakho, ugwema imiphumo emibi echaphazelekayo. Kunzima ngokwenyama kwabesetyhini kunye namadoda ukuba basebenze okanye bahlale besetyenzisiweyo kwixesha leenyanga kuthatha ukuba bazalise uqeqesho lwabo.
I-Chemotherapy ivame ukuphumela ekulahlekeni kweenwele zesikhashana. I-Chemotherapy ithinta i-immune system kwaye ibeka abo bonyango ingozi enkulu yokusuleleka.
Amaqela okukhuthaza umdlavuza wobisi abathintekayo ngala mabhinqa kuma-40s abo, ngoku bakholelwa ukuba banokuthi bahlehlise imimmigrams de kube neminyaka engama-50 ubudala. Umdlavuza wesifuba uvame ukuba nobudlova kwabasetyhini abasebancinci, abangenayo, okwangoku, baye bafika emva kokuziyeka.
Ukususela kwingxelo ye-USPSTF, uphando oluthile luye lwabonisa iingeniso zamabhinqa kwabesifazane phakathi kweminyaka engama-40 ukuya kwe-49. Uphononongo olulodwa, nguJudith Malmgren uprofesa ohlangeneyo we-epidemiology kwiYunivesithi yaseWashington School of Health Public and Medicine Community, wathi "abafazi abaxilongwa yi-mammography kwiminyaka yabo engama-40 banokuxilongwa kwangaphambili, kwinqanaba elingaphambili, ukuxela kwangaphambili."
Kwiminyaka engama-50, ngokwembiko ka-2009, ibhinqa lifuna kuphela i-mammogram nganye kwiminyaka emibini. Kodwa, iqela elikhulu kunazo zonke iingxaki zesifo somhlaza webele, rhoqo ngonyaka, zenzeka kubasetyhini abaneminyaka engama-55 ukuya kuma-64 ubudala.
Ukususela ngowe-1969, xa i-mammography yaqala ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi, bekuye kwenyuka ukukhuphuka kwabesetyhini ukuba bafumane i-mammograms yonyaka. Kule minyaka, siye sabona i-cancer yamabele ebanjwe kwangaphambili nge-mammography.
Ewe, kukho ipesenti encinci yeekratshi eziphosakeleyo kunye namaqondo amanga. Nangona kunjalo, iNational Cancer Institute ithi ukufumana i-high-quality screening mammogram kunye nokuvavanywa kweekliniki, rhoqo, iindlela eziphambili zokujonga umdlavuza webele. Amaninzi amaninzi aseMelika asebenzisa i-digital mammography eneempembelelo ezibonakalisiweyo zokuphumelela ekuthatheni amancinci amancinci.
Okukwintsusa
Yiyiphi intokazi efuna ukuyikhumbula engqondweni xa ikhetha ukuqala ukuba ne-mammography, kwaye kaninzi kangakanani ukufumana enye, ukuba ukufumanisa kwangaphambili kunye nokungenelela kusindisa ubomi; ufumana umhlaza kwangaphambili kwaye unako ukukhusela ibhinqa unyango olubanzi oluyimfuneko yokunyanga umhlaza wesigxina.
Umthombo:
I-Mammography Rates Iminyaka emithathu Emva kwe-2009 ye-US Preventive Services Task Force Guidelines Changes J. Frank Wharam, MB, BCh, BAO, MPH, iSebe lezeMpilo lwabantu, iHarvard Medical School kunye neHarvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, 133 Brookline Ave, 6th Floor, eBoston , MA 02114.