I-Long QT syndrome (i-LQTS), ingxaki ezuze ilifa elichaphazela inkqubo yombane, yenye yeemeko ezinxulumene nokufa ngokukhawuleza kubadlali abancinci. Iimpawu zokusongela ubomi ezibonakalayo kunye ne-LQTS zinokuthi zenzeke ngexesha lokuzivocavoca, ngoko abantu abaninzi abanalo mqathango kufuneka bafumaneke. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abachaphazelekayo kaninzi abavinjelwe kwimisebenzi ngokupheleleyo.
Ukwazi oko kuvumelekileyo kukubalulekileyo ukuba bahlale bekhuselekile.
Yintoni i-QT Syndrome?
I-LQTS yinto engafaniyo yokuzalwa engabonakaliyo eyenza ukulibazisa "ukubuyisela" iiseli zomzimba emva kokuba "bekhutshwe" yinkqubo yombane wenhliziyo. Ukulibaziseka kuboniswa ngexesha elide le-QT kwi- ECG . Ukungaqhelekanga kombane kunye ne-LQTS kunokuvelisa i-arrhythmias yenyama (uhlobo lwe- tachycardia ye- ventricular ebizwa ngokuthi i-torsades de pointes) engakhokelela kwi- syncope (ukulahlekelwa kwengqondo) okanye ukufa ngokukhawuleza.
Kwizigulane ezininzi ezine-LQTS, umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa ezi zixhobo eziyingozi xa zisebenza.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, kunye ne-LQTS, akukho zibonakaliso kude kube yilapho umntu ochaphazelekayo efumana i-tachycardia ye-ventricular (kwakhona, ngokuqhelekileyo ngexesha lokuqhuba). Xa lo mgangatho uphawula, iimpawu ziyahlukahluka kumasekhondi ambalwa okwezondlo ezinzulu zonke iindlela zokungafihli ngokukhawuleza kunye nokufa ngenxa yokubanjelwa kwentliziyo.
Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngokuhlola i-ECG, ebonisa ixesha elide le-QT.
Ngelixa i-LQTS yintlupheko ezuze ilifa, kukho iindidi ezininzi (ezihambelanayo neendidi ezahlukahlukeneyo ezinokuthi zibandakanyeke). Nangona ezinye iindidi zinomngcipheko omkhulu wokufa ngokukhawuleza, ezinye ziyingozi kakhulu.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, izigulane ezisemngciphekweni omkhulu ziza kubakho imbali yentsapho eqinile yabantu abaye bafumana i-syncope okanye ukufa ngokukhawuleza, ngokuqhelekileyo ngexesha lokuzivocavoca.
I-LQTS ihlala iphathwa nge- beta blockers , kwaye igweba iziyobisi ezenza ukuba kubekho ixesha elongezelelweyo lexesha le-QT. Ukuba umngcipheko wokufa ngokukhawuleza ugwetywa ukuba uphakeme, umfaki we-defibrillator onokutsha unokufuneka.
Ziziphi iiNcomo zoQeqesho zoLutsha lwabaNtsha kunye neLQTS?
Abantu abane-LQTS banconywa ukuba bawuthintele imisebenzi yabo kwimidlalo enamandla kakhulu xa kukho enye yezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Imbali yokulahlekelwa kwengqondo (syncope) okanye ukuvuselelwa kwintliziyo yokubanjwa
- Izikhathi ze-QT zihlala zide kakhulu (oko kukuthi, umlinganiselo othiwa "ukulungiswa kwexesha le-QT - QTc - ludluliselwa ubuncinane kwi-470 msec kwindoda, okanye i-480 msec kwabesetyhini)
Nabani na nge-LQTS abangaqinisekanga ukuba bafanele bawuthintele umsebenzi kangakanani kufuneka bathethe nodokotela wabo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukunyamezela ngamandla okufana ne-bowling okanye igalofu, kunye nokusebenza ngokulinganisela okufana neetennis, ukuhamba ngebhayisikili kunye nokukhwela i-skating, kuvunyelwe kwezinye iimbaleki ezincinci ezine-LQTS.
Ukubonelelwa ukuba iindidi ezihlukeneyo ze-LQTS ziyabonwa, iziphakamiso zomsebenzi ezahlukeneyo zingaba zilungelelanisi ezithile. Ngokomzekelo, abantu abane-LQTS uhlobo lwe-3 kubonakala benomngcipheko omncinci ngexesha lokuzivocavoca kunezo zinezinye iintlobo; Abantu abane-LQTS uhlobo 1 bangabungozi ngokukhawuleza xa bebhukuda okanye bediza.
Ngoko, abagijimi abanomdla bangathanda ukucinga ukuba banesigxina se-genetic, ukwenzela ukuba bavumele ukuba iziphakamiso zabo zilungelelaniswe nokuhluka kwazo.
NgoNovemba 2015, ukusebenzisa iziphakamiso zabadlali abakhuphisanayo kunye ne-LQTS bahlaziywa ngokusemthethweni yi-American Heart Association kunye ne-American College of Cardiology. Iingcali ngoku ziyakhuthaza ukuba, ukuba abadlali abancinci abaneLQTS abanalo iimpawu (ingakumbi akukho ziqendu zokukhanya okanye i-synncope ehambelana nokuzilolonga), banokuthatha inxaxheba kwimidlalo yokukhuphisana i-IF:
Bona, oogqirha babo, nabazali babo okanye abagcini (ukuba bebancinci) baqonda ingozi ebandakanyekayo kwiimidlalo zokhuphiswano, kwaye bazimisele kwaye banako ukuthatha amanyathelo okulondoloza
- Ziyakuphepha zonke iziyobisi ezenza ixesha elide lide
- bafumana i-defibrillator yangaphandle yokuzenzekelayo yangaphandle (AED) njengenxalenye yeso sixhobo sezemidlalo
- Amagosa eqela aqeqeshiwe kwaye alungele ukuthatha isinyathelo esifanelekileyo xa kuvela unxunguphako, kuquka ukukwazi nokuzimisela ukusebenzisa i-AED
> Imithombo:
> Moss AJ. Long QT Syndrome. JAMA 2003; 289: 2041.
> Li H, Fuentes-Garcia J, Towbin JA. Iingcamango zangoku kwi-Long QT Syndrome. Umntwana weCardiol 2000; 21: 542.
> Zipes, DP, Ackerman, MJ, Estes NA, 3rd, et al. Umsebenzi wamaqela 7: Arrhythmias. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 45: 1354.
> Maron BJ, Zipes DP, Kovacs RJ, et al. Izilungelelwaniso kunye neziNcomelo zokuKhutshwa kweeNgcaciso zeMidlalo yokuThuthukiswa kweeNqwelo. Uhambo luka-2015; INGXELO: 10.1161 / CIR.0000000000000236.