Unyango lwentsholongwane ye-tapeworm luya kubandakanya imishanguzo ejolise kwi-worm. Amachiza angahluka ngokusetyenziselwa uhlobo lwe-tapeworm olubandakanyekayo, njenge-tapeworm yenkomo ( Taenia saginata) , i-pork tapeworm (i- Taenia solium) , i-tapeworm yentlanzi (i- Diphyllobothrium latum ), i-tapeworm yase-Asia (i- Taenia asiatica ), kunye ne-tapeworm encane ( Hymenolepis nana ).
Kubalulekile ukuthatha amayeza njengoko kumiselweyo kwaye ulandele izikhokelo zokuphepha ukuphinda uphinde uphucule ngexesha nangemva kwonyango.
Ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane yengulube, ukuba imeko enzulu kakhulu ebizwa ngokuthi i-cysticercosis yenzeke, unyango lunokunikezelwa ukunyanga iimpawu kwaye kwezinye iimeko kufuneka utyatyeke.
Imigaqo
Praziquantel
I-Praziquantel (iBiltricide) yinye imyeza esetyenziselwa ukuphatha unyango lwe-tapeworm. Ingumuthi we-antiparasitic ongowesigaba seziyobisi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-antihelmintics. Ukunyanga intsholongwane nge-tapeworm, inqanaba elithile le-praziquantel linikezelwa.
Ii-tapeworms zizibophelela kwimithambo yegazi eludongeni lwamathumba. I-Praziquantel isebenza ukucima intsholongwane ngokuphazamisa iimbungu, oya kuthi uvale kwindonga yamathumbu aze aphume emathunjini naphandle komzimba ngokusebenzisa i-anus eneentshukumo zokuhamba.
Amaphilisi e Praziquantel kufuneka athatyathwe ngokupheleleyo (ngaphandle kokuba aphule iipilisi iyimfuneko kumlinganiselo), awanakuchukulwa, kuba banomdla okrakra kwaye kuya kuba lula ukujamelana nayo xa ugxiwe ngokupheleleyo.
Kwakhona kufuneka bathathwe kunye nesidlo samanzi.
Esi sidakamizwa sinokubangela ukungcola okanye ukhathala kunye nabantu abayithathayo kufuneka bakuphephe ukuqhuba nokusela utywala ngenxa yokuba kunokunyusa le miphumo. Ezinye zezinye iziphumo ezimbi eziqhelekileyo zalo myeza zingabandakanya intloko yesifo, intlungu yesisu, isicathulo, ukukhathala, ubuthathaka, ukuhlanza, ukukhulelwa, ukukhupha, ukuxubusha okanye ukuxuba, ukugqithisa kwesikhumba kunye nokulahlekelwa kwesidlo.
Ukuphendulwa kwe-allergen kwi praziquantel ayinqabile, kodwa iimpawu zempembelelo ezinjenge-hives, ukucheka, ukuxakeka, ukuphefumula ukuphefumula, okanye ukuvuvukala komqala okanye ulwimi, sizathu sokufuna unyango ngokukhawuleza.
I-Praziquantel inxibelelana neentambo zegratfruit, ngoko abantu abafumana le mveliso akufanele batye iidipefruit okanye baphuze ijusi yamagilebhisi ngelixa besithatha. Praziquantel ukhulelwe isigaba B, esithetha ukuba uphando lwenziwe kwizilwanyana, kodwa kungekhona kubantu, kwaye isilwanyana alindeleke ukuba sichaphazele umntwana.
Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka isetyenziswe kuphela kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo xa kufuneka ngokucacileyo, kwaye abafazi abakhulelweyo kufuneka bathethe noogqirha babo ngaphambi kokuba bamkele le nkunkuma ukuze benze isigqibo esinolwazi. Esi sidakamizwa sidlulela kubisi lwebele kwaye siyeka ukuncelisa iintsuku ezintathu (iiyure ezingama-72) emva kokuba umthamo wokugqibela ukhuthazwa.
Tshela ugqirha malunga naliphi na ezinye iziyobisi okanye izongezo ngenxa yokuba zinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwe praziquantel, kuquka:
- Amachiza okulwa neentambo ezifana neCarbatrol (carbamazepine, Equetro, Tegretol), i-Dilantin (phenytoin), i-Felbatol (i-phenbarate), i-Mysoline (primidone), i-phenobarbital, i-Trileptal (i-asoxcarbazepine)
- Aralen (chloroquine)
- I-Azole antifungals (itraconazole, ketoconazole)
- I-Barbiturates njenge-Amytal (i-amobarbital), i-Butisol (i-butabarbital), i-Mebaral (i-mephobarbital), i-Seconal (i-secobarbital), okanye iSolfoton (phenobarbital)
- I-Decadron (Hexadrol, dexamethasone)
- I-Erythrocin (erythromycin (EES, EryPed, Ery-Ta)
- Ukwelashwa kwe-HIV, kuquka uSusvava (efavirenz, Atripla), Intelence (etravirine), iVeramune (nevirapine), okanye i-Norvir (i-ritonavir, i-Kaletra)
- I-ketozole (ketoconazole, Extina, Nizoral, Xolegal)
- Mycobutin (rifabutin)
- Priftin (rifapentine)
- Wort St. John's wort
- Ukugula kwemithi yokulala, kuquka iNuvigil (armodafinil) okanye iProgivil (modafinil)
- Sporanox (itraconazole)
- ITagamet (cimetidine)
Alinia
Olunye unyango, u-Alinia (nitazoxanide), lisetyenziswe kwiziganeko zokusuleleka kwi-tapeworm yaseNtshonalanga ( H nana ).
U-Alinia yi-antiprotozoal isicatshulwa esingahlawulwa njengepilisi okanye njengokumiswa kwamanzi. Kufuneka kuthathwe nje emva kokutya okulula kunye nokulungiswa kwamanzi kufuneka kugxininiswe kakuhle ngaphambi kokuhambisa.
Ezinye zeempembelelo eziqhelekileyo zesi sifo zibandakanya intlungu yesisu, intloko, isisongulu, isifo sohudo, ukuhlanza, kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwesikhashana komchamo. Ngaphambi kokuba uthathe u-Alinia, xelela udokotela malunga nayiphi na izifo okanye iimeko, ngakumbi isifo sikashukela, isifo sesibindi, isifo sesifo, isifo sesifo se-HIV, okanye isifo somzimba. Nasiphi na iimpawu zempembelelo ezinobungozi ezifana nemisundu, ukubetha, ukuqhuma, okanye ukuvuvukala komlomo nolwimi luzathu lokufuna unyango ngokukhawuleza.
U-Alinia uye wafundiswa kwizilwanyana kodwa kungekhona kubantu abakhulelweyo kwaye uhlelwa njengento yokukhulelwa i-B ngoba akukho kulindeleke ukuba ichaphazele umntwana. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka isetyenziswe kuphela ngexesha lokukhulelwa xa kufuneka ngokucacileyo, kwaye abafazi abakhulelweyo mabaxubushe ngezibonelelo kunye nobungozi bala mayeza kunye noogqirha babo ngaphambi kokuba bamkele. Ayaziwa ukuba u-Alinia udlula ubisi lwebele kwaye umphumo kumntwana onesibeleko akaziwa.
Ukucacisa ulwazi lucebisa ngokuthatha u-Alinia ngeli xesha uthatha i-Coumadin (warfarin). Tshela ugqirha malunga naliphi na iziyobisi okanye izongezo ngenxa yokuba zinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwe-Alinia, kuquka:
- Aspirin
- Bumex (i-bumetanide)
- I-Cleocin (iClindesse, i-clindamycin)
- Coumadin (uJantoven warfarin)
- Depakene (Stavzor, i-valproic acid)
- I-Diabeta (Glynase, glyburide)
- I-Diamox Sequels (acetazolamide)
- I-Dilantin (iPhenytek, phenytoin)
- Glucotrol (glipizide)
- I-Hygroton (iThalitone, chlorthalidone)
- Platinol (cisplatin)
- Prograf (Isiqendu XL, tacrolimus)
- Soriatane (acitretin)
- I-Oncovin (i-Vincasar PFS, i-vincristine)
Unyango lweCysticercosis
I-Cysticercosis yinkxalabo yokusuleleka kwi-tapeworm yengulube ( T. solium ). Xa umntu ezama amaqanda e-tapeworm yengulube, mhlawumbi ngokutya okungahlambulukanga, amanzi, okanye omnye umntu, amaqanda angenza iiferensi ezibizwa ngokuthi i-oncospheres.
I-oncospheres inokuphuma emathunjini nasemzimbeni. Baya kuthi bahlale kwindawo yengqondo, izihlunu, amehlo, phantsi kwesikhumba, okanye kwezinye izitho, kunye nee-cysts. Ezi i-cysts zinakho okanye zingenakufuna unyango.
Xa i-cysts ifom ebuchosheni (kubangela imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-neurocysticosis), ukutshatyalaliswa kungabangela. Imithi e-antiparasitic ebulala ama-cysts iya kunikwa, kodwa ezinye iziyobisi nazo ziyimfuneko. Xa ama-cysts e-tapeworm efa kwonyango kunokubakho ukuvuvukala okufuna unyango kunye ne-anti-inflammatory ezifana ne-prednisone (i-corticosteroid). I-anticonbulsant ifunekayo ukuze inqande ukuhlutha. Ngama-cyst kumgca wesipelini okanye iso, i-antiparasitic ayinikiweyo ngenxa yengozi yokuvuvukala okungonakalisa izicubu kulezo ndawo.
Emva kokuba unyango
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba usulelo lwe-tapeworm luye lwacinywa, ugqirha uya kulandisa iimvavanyo zesebe. Olu vavanyo luya kukhangela izibungu, amaqanda, okanye iiprojekti kwisigxina ukuqinisekisa ukuba unyango olungaphezulu alufunayo okanye ukuba ukuphindaphinda akuzange kwenzeke.
Kubalulekile ukugcina ezo zikhundla zokulandelwa kwaye ufumane zonke iimvavanyo ezicetywayo ezenziwe. Ukuhlaziya kwakhona kuyingozi, ngoko ukuhlamba izandla ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ulandela ezinye iziphakamiso ezivela kudokotela malunga nokupheka ukutya kubalulekile. Kwimeko ye-neurocysticercosis, ukulandelelana kunokubandakanya iimvavanyo zokucinga kunye nezinye iindlela zokwelapha njengoko kuyimfuneko.
> Imithombo:
> I-Alinia Inkcazelo yokuBhala. Romark, LC. Epreli 2017.
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. "I-Parasites - Cysticercosis." Impilo Yomhlaba Wonke - Ulwahlulo Lwezifo Eziphazamisayo.
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. "IiPasasites - iTaeniasis." Impilo Yomhlaba Wonke - Ulwabiwo lwezifo eziParasitic.
> Umbutho WezeMpilo Wehlabathi. "I-Taeniasis / cysticercosis." WHO.int Apr 2017.
> Zimmer C. "Ubhubhane obufihlakeleyo: i-tapeworms ehlala ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwiBlack People".