Umphandi we-ASL
Ulwimi Lwezandla LwaseMerika (ASL) lungahle lube nenhlonipho olwenzayo namhlanje, ukuba kungengomsebenzi kaWilliam C. Stokoe, Jr. (1919-2000).
ULwimi lwezandla phambi kweStokoe
Ngaphambi kokuba uStokoe aqale umsebenzi wakhe, ulwimi lwezandla lwangabonakali njengelwimi lwangempela. Endaweni yoko, yabonakala njengengqokelela yezenzo ezingenanto okanye i-pantomime. Lo mbono wawuthintela ulwimi lwezandla ukuba luzuze inhlonipho kwaye lisetyenziswe kwimfundo yabantwana abayizithulu.
(Okumangalisayo kukuba, incwadi ethi Deaf Heritage ibonisa ukuba uStokoe akazange asayine kakuhle ngexesha). Ukungabikho kwentlonelo yolwimi lwezandla kwakunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngexesha. UStekoe uqikelele ukuba inani labasebenzisi baseMelika nabaseCanada be-ASL babengabantu abayi-200 000 ukuya ku-400,000 kuphela.
UStokoe Ufika kwiKholeji yaseGaludud
Ngo-1955, u-Stokoe, owayenabantwana be-Bachelor's and Ph.D. isiqendu ngesiNgesi, safika kwiKholeji yaseGaludud (ngoku iYunivesithi) ukusikela isebe lesiNgesi. Waba nesithakazelo kwi-ASL kwaye yacaciswa ukuba yayiyinkoqobo yolwimi. Ngo-1957, uSokoe kunye nabancedisi ababini (uCarl Croneberg noDorothy Casterline) baqala ukubonisa abantu abasebenzisa ulwimi lwezandla. Ukufunda ulwimi lwezandla ezifayiliweyo, uStokoe kunye neqela lakhe bachonga izinto ezisetyenziswayo ngolwimi lwangempela. Iziphumo zophando lwabo zanyatheliswa ngo-1960 kwiphonograph yophando, "Ulwakhiwo lweelwimi lwezandla."
I-Stokoe iyaqhubeka noPhando
Ucwaningo lweelwimi lwezandla lwaqhubeka, kwaye ngowe-1965, iqela lakhe lanyathelisa incwadi ethi Dictionary Language of American Language Signs .
Nangona uLwimi loLwimi lwezandla lwaphuma kuqala, isichazamazwi kwakuyincwadi eyabamba ingqalelo yabantu kwaye yenza ukuba inomdla ekhulayo kwiilwimi ze-ASL.
I-Pokoe's Point View
Ingxabano kaStekoe yayilula. Uthe i-ASL yinto engumthonyama kunye nolwimi lwendalo. Uhlobo lithetha ukuba ulwimi lokuqala lufunyenwe (kubantwana abazalelwe kwiimeko ezixhasa ulwimi lwezandla).
Indalo ithetha ukuba ulwimi lusetyenziswa rhoqo imihla. Umsebenzi kaStokoe wabonisa ukuba ulwimi lwezandla lolwimi, kwaye namhlanje i-ASL ibonwa njengelwimi. Oku kuye kwabangela ukwandiswa kokusetyenziswa kwayo.
Uphando lukaStekoe kunye noMsebenzi wokuBhala
Ngowe-1971, uStekoe wabeka iLebhu yeeLwimi zoPhando kwi-Gallaudet. Ngomnyaka we-1972, wasungula iphepha loLwimi lwezandla lweeNzululwazi, olupapashwe namhlanje nguGallaudet University Press. Kwakhona waba neLinstok Press, eyapapasha iincwadi kwiilwimi zezandla.
Ukuhlonela uStokoe
Ngo-1980, uMbutho weSizwe weZiThulu (iNAD) ushicilele uLwimi lweZandla kunye noLuntu lwaBazithulu: Iimvavanyo eziHloniphekileyo zikaWilliam C. Stokoe . I-NAD iphinde isungula iWilliam C. Stokoe Scholarship Fund ukukhuthaza uphando lweelwimi lwezandla. Izifundo zoLwimi lwezandla zihloniphekile uStokoe ngeeLwimi zoLwimi lwezandla 1.4, ngohlobo lwe-2001, iStokoe iphinda iphinde iguqule amanqaku amahlanu kunye ne-editorial ngu-Stokoe, kubandakanywa: "UkuFundisisa nokuSebenza koLwimi lwezandla," kunye noLwimi lwezandla ngokubhekiselele koLwimi oluThethayo. Kwakhona uStokoe wayengumNjingalwazi uEmeritus kwiYunivesithi yaseGaludud. Kwaye ngo-1988, wathola udokotela ohloniphekileyo waseGallaudet.
Iincwadi kunye ne-About Stokoe
Incwadi yokugqibela uStokoe wasebenza kuyo yayilwimi olusetyenziswayo : Kutheni Ubunzima beNgqangi Ngaphambi kokuba intetho ipapashwe emva kwe-Gallaudet University Press.
Kule ncwadi, uStokoe ubonisa ukuba intetho ayikho imfuneko yolwimi. Enye incwadi ye-University Press ye-Gallaudet, Ukubona uLwimi kwiSayina: Umsebenzi kaWilliam C. Stokoe ngumzobo -nkcukacha ukuba ulwalamano lwakhe oluqhelanisiweyo kunye nabalawuli eGallaudet.
Imithombo:
> Gannon, uJack R. >, oyisithulu > Ifa leMveli, uMbutho weSizwe wezithulu, u-1981. iphe. 365-367.
> UWilliam C. Stokoe, > iphepha > kwisiza seCyunivesithi saseGallaudet.