Yintoni okufuneka uyayiyazi ngomhlaza nomsebenzi? Ngaba unokuthatha ixesha? Ziziphi amalungelo akho angokomthetho? Yintoni oyithethayo, okanye ungathethi, emsebenzini?
Ukuxilongwa komhlaza wesifuba kunokubangela ukwethusa kumanqanaba amaninzi, kungekhona ubuncinane kwindlela isifo kunye nonyango oluchaphazela ngayo amandla omntu wokusebenza. Akukho kuphela imali engenayo kuphela, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo, njenjalo ninshuwalense yezempilo enikezwe ngumqeshi.
Ngaphambi kokuchazela ukuxilongwa, thatha ixesha lokuphanda iinkqubo zeenkampani, kubandakanywa ikhefu lonyango kunye nexesha le-flex. Kwakhona kungengqiqo ukufumana umcebisi weofisi oye wayesebenzisa indlela yokuhlala kunye nokukhubazeka.
Ukuxelela ii-Boss kunye nabo
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukwabelana ngeendaba zobomi kunye nabasebenza emsebenzini akunzima, kodwa xa uthetha ngomhlaza webele, amagama angabanjwa emlonyeni wakho.
Okokuqala, musa ukukhawuleza . Akukho sizathu sokuthetha nomphathi okanye osebenza nabo emva kokufumana iindaba. Lindela kude kube yinto ekhululekile kunokwenzeka.
Akukho ndlela echanekileyo okanye engalunganga yokuchaza ukuxilongwa komhlaza . Abanye abantu banokuziva bekhululekile ukuthetha no-boss okanye umphathi-ntloko kuqala, ukuphepha ukuxhatshazwa okungaxhamliyo kwi-ofisi ye-gossip. Cinga ngokumisela intlanganiso okanye isidlo sasemini, ngoko unokuqiniseka ukuba uyayigxininisa ngokupheleleyo. Kwakhona, khumbula ukuba iingxoxo phakathi komphathi nomqeshwa zikhuselwe.
Isiphawunta inembopheleleko esemthethweni yokugcina ulwazi oluyimfihlo. Nangona kunjalo, abasebenzisana nabo abanalo uxanduva olufanayo.
Ukuthetha kunye noogxa malunga nokuxilongwa komhlaza akuyimfuneko; nangona kunjalo, abasebenzisana nabo bangaba ngumthombo wenkxaso engalindelekanga. Akuqhelekanga ukuba oogxa bakho banikele ngenkxaso efunekayo kulabo abanomdlavuza wesibele.
Le nkxaso ingaquka uncedo lomntu siqu kumsebenzi, unikele ngeentsuku zeeholide, okanye kwiphankaso yokuxhasa imali.
Yilungiselele imibuzo. Oogxa banokubuza malunga nezicwangciso zonyango kunye nemiphumo emibi. Ungaziveki unyanzelekile ukuba wabelane ngolwazi olungathanda ukugcina ngasese . Umphathi okanye umphathi angafuna ukwazi ukuba yeyiphi indawo yokuhlala okuyimfuneko. I-American Cancer Society ibonisa ukuba nesicwangciso engqondweni ngaphambi kokuthetha nomphathi wakho. Kodwa abo bangenakunqwenela okwamanje, musa ukoyika ukutsho nje, "andizi." Ngaba ndingabuyela kuwe? "
Ukucela indawo yokuhlala
Abaqeshi bafunwa ngumthetho wasemthethweni ukuba banikeze "indawo yokuhlala yokuhlala" kumntu onokukhubazeka. Ngokwe- Americans of Disability Act (ADA), umdlavuza ufanelekile ukukhubazeka xa isifo okanye iziphumo zalo unyango luvimbela "imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yokuphila". Jonga eli candelo lilandelayo malunga nemigangatho yomhlaza njengokukhubazeka.
Ezi ndawo zingahluka kakhulu, kuxhomekeke kwimfuno yomntu. Ngokomishoni we-US Equal Employment Commission (i-EEOC), imizekelo yokuhlala iquka:
- Ixesha elide lokuqeshwa kwabagqirha kunye nokufumana unyango
- Ikhefu elifutshane ngexesha lomsebenzi ukuphumla nokubuyisela
- Ishedyuli yomsebenzi eshintshiwe
- Ukunikezela ngomsebenzi othile ngomsebenzi omnye
- Utshintsho kwindawo yendawo yokusebenzela, njengokutshintsha kweqondo lokushisa okanye utshintsho lomsebenzi ukuqinisekisa ukuthuthuzelwa
- Umsebenzi wokusukela ekhaya
Ngokutsho kwe-EEOC, ilizwi elifanelekileyo liyintloko. Abasebenzi abanomdlavuza wesibeleko abanako ukwenza izicelo zomqeshi wabo obenokubangela ukuba "bunzima obungathandekiyo." Igama elithi "ubunzima obungelindelekanga" lihlukile kwiinkampani zonke. Kodwa uninzi lwale ndawo yokuhlala ngabanye abanokukhubazeka, kungekhona nje ngumhlaza, iinkampani zindleko kakhulu.
Ucwaningo lwe-International Foundation lwe-Employee Benefit Plans, olujoliswe kubasetyhini abasebenzisa umdlavuza webele, lwafumanisa ukuba abaqeshi bebaninzi ngokuzithandela ukubonelela indawo yokuhlala.
Ngokumalunga nokucwangcisa, uphando lubhengeze ukuba malunga nama-85% avumele umqeshwa ngomhlaza webele ukuba anciphise iiyure zakhe, i-79% ivumele i-schedule schedule, i-47% yenze i-telecommuting ikhetho kumqeshwa kwaye i-62% yavuma ukuba ikhefu elifutshane ngexesha lomhla ukuphumla nokubuyisela.
Abaqeshi bathi nabo benza amalungiselelo okuguqula umthwalo womsebenzi, kuquka ukunikezela umsebenzi ohlukeneyo (58%), ukuguqula iifihla okanye ezinye iishedyuli ezivunyelwene ngaphambili (60%) kunye nokwabelana ngemisebenzi (28%).
Amalungelo oMthetho wokukhubazeka kunye ne-FMLA
Ngaphantsi kwe-ADA, umhlaza uphumelele kwiimeko ezithile ngamatyala. Isenzo sikhusela abantu ekulahlekelweni kwemisebenzi ngenxa yokukhubazeka kwaye ibeka izikhokelo zabaqeshi malunga nokuhlala okufunekayo. I-EEOC yase-US, ekhuthaza i-ADA, inikeza lo mzekelo mzekelo wesetyhini onomhlaza wesibeleko oza kulungela ukukhuselwa komsebenzi phantsi kwesenzo.
"Ukulandela i-lumpectomy kunye ne-radiation yesifo somhlaza wesifuba, ummeli wokuthengisa ngeekhompyutheni wabona ubuncwane obubi kakhulu kunye nokukhathala okungapheliyo kweenyanga ezintandathu. Waqhubeka esebenza ngexesha lokunyanga kwakhe, nangona wayedla ukuza kusasa ekuseni, sebenze kamva ngokuhlwa ukwenza ikhefu, kwaye athathe ikhefu xa efumana isicaphulo kunye nokuhlanza. Wayexakeke kakhulu xa efika ekhaya ukupheka, ukuthenga okanye ukwenza imisebenzi yasendlini kwaye kufuneka athembele kuphela kumyeni wakhe nabantwana ukuba benze le mi sebenzi. Umhlaza uyakhubazeka ngenxa yokuba unqanda kakhulu amandla akhe okuzinyamekela . "
Ukuba uziva ukuba amalungelo akho aphulwe okanye ususiwe emsebenzini ngenxa yokuxilongwa kwakho, kufuneka ufake ifayili "kwisithuba seentsuku ezili-180 zesenzo esicaluliweyo," ngokwe-EEOC. I-EEOC inokufikelela kwi-800) 669-4000.
Iinkampani ezininzi zinikeza umvuzo wokukhubazeka kubaqeshwa abagula kakhulu okanye abalimelekileyo, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ezi zicwangciso zifuna igalelo lomqeshwa. Xoxa nommeli wabasebenzi malunga nokuhlawula ukukhubazeka kunye nendlela yokuqokelela ukuba umqeshi wakho unike icebo.
Umthetho wezoNyango lwezeNyango lwezeMpilo (FMLA) ukhusela nemisebenzi yabantu abanomdlavuza. Nangona kunjalo, akubona wonke umntu ofanelekileyo ukukhuselwa kwe-FMLA. Umqeshwa makabe esebenzele umqeshi ubuncinane iinyanga ezili-12 ngaphambi kwesicelo se-FMLA kwaye sele esebenze ngaphezu kweeyure ezili-1,250 kuloo nyaka wekhalenda. Ukongezelela, abaqeshi abanabasebenzi abangaphantsi kwama-50 abafanelekanga ukulandela imigaqo ye-FMLA.
Ukuba ukhuselwe yi-FMLA, unako ukuthatha iiveki ezi-12 zekhefu elingenakuhlawulwa emsebenzini. Isenzo sivumela abasebenzi ukuba banezifo ezinzulu zokwelapha, ezifana nesifo somhlaza wesibeleko, ukusebenzisa ikhefu labo "ngokukhawuleza." Oku kuthetha ukuba umqeshwa angasusa usuku olu-1 ngeveki okanye athathe iiveki ezi-2 ukuba abuyele kwi-operesenti ngelixa esindisa iiveki eziseleyo ukuba zisebenzise ngexesha leemitha zonyango okanye i-chemotherapy.
Imithombo:
American Cancer Society. UMerika onokukhubazeka uMthetho: Ulwazi kubantu abajongene neCarcer. Ukuhlaziywa 11/21/14.
American Cancer Society. Umthetho wezeNtsapho kunye noTywala (FMLA). Ukuhlaziywa 11/21/14.
American Cancer Society. Ukusebenza Ngonyango Lwemhlaza. Updated 04/14/14.
Hansen, J., Feuerstein, M., Calvio., Kunye no-C. Olsen. Umdlavuza wesibeletho esiswini emsebenzini. Umbhalo weeMpilo kunye neNyango yeMpilo . 2008. 50 (7): 777-84.
Neumark, D., Bradley, C., Henry, M., noB. Dahman. Ukuqhubeka komsebenzi xa uphathwe ngumhlaza wesifuba: indima yokuhlala kwindawo yokuhlala. Ukuhlaziywa kwezoBuchule kunye noBudlelwane 2015. 68 (8): 916-954.
Paalman, C. et al. Ingqesho kunye neenzuzo zentlalo ukuya kwiminyaka eyi-10 emva kokuxilongwa komhlaza wesifuba: isifundo esisisiseko sabantu. IBritish Journal of Cancer . 2016. 114 (1): 81-7.