Ukusebenzisa i-Cellular "Tags" ekwakheni iipilisi ezijolisiweyo
Iimpawu ze-CD, ezaziwa nangokuthi i-CD antigens, ziyimpawu ezithile zee-molecule ezifunyenwe kummandla weeseli ezikunceda ukuhlula olunye uhlobo lweseli kwenye. Enyanisweni, ii-initials "CD" zimelela "iqoqo lokwahlukana," i-nomenclature eyayiqala ngowe-1982.
Nangona abanye abantu baqhelana nemigomo ye-CD4 ne-CD8, eyahlula amaseli omzimba okhuselayo aziwa ngokuba yi- T-seli , azikho ngaphantsi kwama-37 antigens e-CD eyaziwayo "athengise" malunga nayo yonke iseli yomzimba, unikezela ngamnye ummakethi wakhe .
Yiyiphi i-CD Markers Tell Us
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, iimpawu ze-CD zisetyenziselwa ukuhlenga iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe eziveliswa ngumzimba ukunceda ukulwa nosuleleko. Ezi iiseli ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yendlela yokuzivikela yokhuseleko lomzimba esebenza ngokukhawuleza ukuchonga, ukujolisa, kunye nokunciphisa izifo ezibangelwa zizifo.
Ngokomzekelo, ii- CD4 T-cell zibizwa ngokuba "ngamaseli ancedisayo" kuba indima yabo kukubonakalisa "umbulali" we- CD8 T-cell ukuhlasela nokunciphisa i-pathogen ethile.
Ngokuqonda ezi zintengiselwano, izazinzulu zingasebenzisa iimpawu zeCD ukuba zingakhange zihlole kuphela isimo sosulelo (esilinganiswa ukwanda okanye ukuncipha kwinani leeseli) kodwa umlinganiselo wamandla omzimba wokuzivikela ngokwawo. Ezinye iimeko ezifana ne- HIV kunye nokufakelwa komzimba zidibene nokuxhatshazwa kwe-immune , oku kuthetha ukuba umzimba awunako ukukhusela ukukhuselwa komzimba njengoko kuboniswa ukungabikho kwama-CD4 T-cell.
Ngaphambi kokusungulwa kweedemthala ze-CD, ukuvavanya umsebenzi womzimba womntu kwakunzima nakakhulu.
Iimpawu ze-CD kwiCarcer Diagnosis and Treatment
Ukongezelela ekujongeni ukususelwa kwintsholongwane kunye ne-immune status, ii-antigens ze-CD zingasetyenziswa ukufumana ukukhula okungavamile kweeseli ezibizwa ngokuba yi- neoplasm . Iipoplasms zingaba zinobungozi (ezingengomdlavuza), ezinobungozi (umdlavuza), okanye ezinqabileyo, kodwa, njengawo nawuphi na iseli, zineempawu ze-CD ezenzelwe izazinzulu ukuba zichonge.
Iimpawu ze-CD azibalulekanga kuphela ekuxilongweni komhlaza, zinokukunceda ukuchonga ukuba zeziphi iintlobo zonyango ezingaphumelela kakhulu kwaye zilinganise indlela olufanelekileyo ngayo unyango ngokujonga utshintsho kwiimpawu ze-CD ezifanelekileyo.
Ngaphezu koko, abaphandi namhlanje banako ukudala uhlobo lweprotheni ekhuselayo, olubizwa ngokuba yi- anti - monoclonal antibody (mAb) , ehambelana ne-antigen ethile ye-CD. Ezi zinqamana ezinokuthi zilinganisa eziveliswa ngumzimba kwaye zingasetyenziselwa ukulwa nomhlaza kwisimo sengonyango esaziwa njenge- immunotherapy ejoliswe kuyo .
Xa ijojowe emzimbeni, ii-Abs ziyakwenza ngendlela ezahlukileyo ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela yazo yokuyila:
- Basenokubopha kwi-CD marker kumaseli omhlaza kwaye babatshabalalise.
- Basenokubopha kwi-CD marker kumaseli omhlaza kwaye banqande amandla abo okuphindaphinda, ukuyeka okanye ukunciphisa ukukhula kwabo.
- Basenokukwazi ukukhulisa ukukhuselwa komzimba okhethekileyo kulo mhlaza.
Ngaphandle komzimba, iAAs isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekuxilongweni ukufumana ii-antigens ezithile ze-CD kwigazi, izicubu, okanye iisampuli zomzimba.
I-Immunotherapy ejoliswe kwiCarcer
Amanqindi e-Monoclonal asetyenziswa namhlanje ukuphatha izifo ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa iziphazamiso ezizimeleyo kunye neentlobo ezithile zomhlaza. Ukuphumelela kwabo kuyahluka, kunye namanye ama-cancer aphendulayo angcono kunabanye.
Xa kuthethwa ukuba, ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe kuye kwaholela kwinani elikhulayo leenjini ezikhuselweyo ze-immunotherapeutic agents. Ngokuchasene ne- chemotherapy endala yesizukulwana esichazela iiseli eziphinda ngokukhawuleza, zombini kunye nomhlaza, ezi zilwanyana zitsha zijolise kuphela kwiiseli ezine-CD "tag".
Phakathi kwezidakamizwa njengamanje ezivunyiweyo yi-US Food Drug Administration ukusetyenziswa kwi-immunotherapy yomhlaza:
- I-Adcetris (i-brentuximab vedotin) isetyenziselwa ukuphatha i- Hodgkin lymphoma kunye ne- plastiki enkulu yeli lymphoma
- I-Arzerra (ye -atumumab) isetyenziselwa ukuphatha i-leukemia encinci ye-lymphocytic (SLL) kunye ne-lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) engapheliyo.
- I-Blincyto (blinatumomab) isetyenziselwa ukuphatha ezinye iintlobo ze-leukemia ye-lymphocytic acute (BONKE)
- I-Campath (alemtuzumab) isetyenziselwa ukuphatha i-CLL
- Gazyva (obinutuzumab) esetyenziselwa ukuphatha i-SLL ne-CLL
- I-Herceptin (trastuzumab) isetyenziselwa ukuphatha ezinye i-cancer zesisu kunye nesisu
- I-Kadycla (i-ado-trastuzumab emtansine) isetyenziselwa ukuphatha ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza wesibele
- I-Keytruda (pembrolizumab) isetyenziselwa ukuphatha iintloko ezithile kunye nentamo yomhlaza
- Ontak (denileukin diftitox) esetyenziselwa ukuphatha i- lymphoma yolusu
- I-Opdivo (nivolumab) isetyenziselwa ukuphatha umhlaza wemiphunga yemasipha kunye nekhanda elithile lentloko kunye nentamo yomhlaza
- I-Rituxan (rituximab) isetyenziselwa ukuphatha iintlobo ezithile ze- non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)
- Zevalin (ibritumomab tiuxetan) esetyenziselwa ukuphatha ezinye iintlobo zeNHL
> Imithombo:
> I-American Cancer Society. "Amachiza omzimba we-monoclonal ukunyanga umdlavuza." Atlanta, Georgia; hlaziywa ngoOktobha 2017.
> Vanneman, R. kunye noDranoff, G. "Ukudibanisa i-immunotherapy kunye nemithi ejoliswe kunyango." Nat Rev Cancer. 2012: 12: 237-51. INGXELO: 10.1038 / nrc3237.