Xa ungena esibhedlele , mhlawumbi into yokugqibela ocinga ngayo ngepansi. Nangona kunjalo, iqela eliphuhlisayo lophando libonisa ukuba izibhedlele zephedlele zifakwe kwiibhakteria kwaye zinokuba ngumthombo wesifo. Nangona abantu bengachukumisi ngqo phantsi, ezinye izinto izigulane, iindwendwe kunye nabasebenzi abachaphazelekayo baqhagamshelana nomgangatho.
Ngaloo nto, ingcamango enhle yokunciphisa ukusebenzisana kwakho kungekhona kuphela esibhedlele, kodwa kunye nezinto ezichaphazela phantsi esibhedlele (isib. Izicathulo, amasokisi kunye namavili asevili). ). Ngokunciphisa ukusebenzisana kwakho nalezi zinto kwaye uhlambulule izandla zakho rhoqo, unokunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wosulelo kunye nomngcipheko wokusasazeka kwabanye.
Ziziphi iindawo eziMgangatho weZibhedlele kunye nezinye izinto eziPhezulu?
Ngomxholo we-2014, i-Desphande kunye nabalobi-mbhali ngokucacileyo iinkcukacha zabo ukuba bafumane oko kwenzeka ngokwenene kwizibhedlele zaseMelika.
Kulo cwaningo, abaphandi bahlakulela iindawo ezili-120 kwiindawo ezibhedlele ezine zaseCleveland. Bafumene oku kulandelayo:
- Iipesenti ezingama-22 zeendawo eziphantsi zazithembela kwi- staphylococcus aureus engaxhatshazwayo ye- methicillin (MRSA)
- Iipesenti ezingama-33 zeepesenti zephantsi zazikhokelela kwi- enterococci engena-vancomycin (VRE)
- Amaphesenti angama-72 eendawo zepansi zazikhokelela kwiClostridium difficile (C. difficile)
- 1.4 izinto eziphezulu zokunxibelelana beziqhagamshelana nomgangatho
- Iipesenti ezingama-24 zezinto eziphezulu zokuthintela zazingcola nge-pathogen enye
- Iipesenti ezingama-57 zezinto ezingcolileyo zidibene nomgangatho ohanjiswe ama-pathogens (ibhaktheriya) ezandleni
Iziphumo zolu cwaningo zidibanisa kakhulu ngenxa yokuba izifo ezifumanekayo zingakhokelela kwizifo ezifakwe esibhedlele.
I-MRSA yintsholongwane ye-staph engabangela izifo zonyango, izifo zengcinezelo yegazi, kunye ne-pneumonia kwaye ayixhatshali kwiintsholongwane ezininzi eziqhelekileyo.
I-VRE ingabangela izifo zokungena kwi-urinary kunye nezifo ezilinxeba. Inqabana ne-vancomycin, isifo esinamandla kakhulu se-antibiotic.
I-Clostridium difficile ibangela ubuhlungu besisu kunye nesifo sohudo. C. nzima yiyona nto ibangela kakhulu isifo sohudo esibhedlele esibhedlele. Kunzima kakhulu ukuphuma phantsi, kunye neenkunkuma eziqhelekileyo ezihluleka ukuzinqumla. Kunoko, uphando luye lwabonisa ukuba i-klorine-release release agents iphumelele ngakumbi xa isusa le pathogen. Ngelishwa, uninzi lwezibhedlele alisebenzisi ama-agent ahlambulukileyo ukuze ahlambuluke phantsi, kwaye akucaci ukuba zeziphi izibhedlele ezicocekileyo kunye namaziko afanelekileyo.
Ekufundeni kwabo, i-Deshpande kunye nabalobi be-co-found bafumene ukuba C. difficile ayifumanekanga kuphela kumagumbi okuzimela apho abantu abane-ntsholongwane bayagcinwa kodwa nakwamanye amagumbi angabantu abantu abanentsholongwane. Enyanisweni, uC C. difficile wayefumaneka rhoqo kumagumbi angabodwa. Ngoko ke, kubonakala sengathi uC C. difficile uyakwazi ukusabalalisa.
Ezi Zifo Zinyango Zichitha njani?
Kwiphepha le-2016 elibizwa ngokuthi "Uvavanyo lweZibumbi zeZibhedlele njengomthombo ongenako wokusabalalisa nge-Pathogen usebenzisa i-Virus engeyona i-Virus njenge-Marker Marker," uKoganti kunye noogxa bazama ukulinganisa ubukhulu bokuthi izifo ezivela kumgangatho zisasazeka ezandleni zabagulane kunye nokuphakama -kukhangela ngaphakathi ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwegumbi lesibhedlele.
Kulo cwaningo, abaphandi bathatha i-bacteriophage M2, i-virus ye-nonpathologic, eyayiyilungelelwanga ukuba ingabangela ukusuleleka, kwaye yayibeka phezu kwezinto ezenziwe ngamatye phantsi kwimbhedlele yezibhedlele. Emva koko badibanisa iintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo ukuze bafumane apho le ntlupheko isasazeka khona.
Abaphandi bafumene ukuba intsholongwane isasazeka kwizandla, izicathulo, izandla, iibhedi zokulala, iilesi zokulala, iitafile, iitrasi, i-pulse oximeters, iifowuni zomnyango, ukutshintshwa okukhanyayo, kunye neenkomfa kunye namagumbi athile kunye nezikhululo zabongikazi. Ngokukodwa, kwisikhululo samanesi, i-pathogen yafunyanwa kwiibhodi eziphambili, iifom yekhompyutha kunye neetoni. Ngamanye amazwi, ii-pathogens kwisibhedlele esibhedlele ziya kuhamba.
Ngokuphawulekayo, esi sifundo sineemida.
Okokuqala, intsholongwane yayisetyenziselwa endaweni yebhaktheriya. Izifundo zangaphambili, nangona kunjalo, zibonise ukuba ii-virus kunye neebhaktheriya zithutha ngokufanayo kwiifomites (izinto) kwiminwe.
Okwesibini, abaphandi babeka ngokuthe ngqo imilinganiselo ephezulu ye-bacteriophage M2 kwisibhedlele; Ngako oko, lo mzamo ubonisa imeko enzima kakhulu.
Okwesithathu, abaphandi bahlola kuphela umgangatho weenkuni kunye nomnye umgangatho wesibhedlele esibhedlele; Ngoko-ke, akucaci ukuba iimeko eziphilileyo zingasasazeka kwezinye iindawo ezifana ne-linoleum kunye ne-carpeting.
Inkxalabo yokugqibela echaphazela ukutshintshwa kwezilwanyana ezivela emzimbeni ukuya eminwe nakwezinye izitho zomzimba kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kweeskrini ezingezantsi. Ukungabikho kwesohlwayo kwamasokisi kwenziwa ngekotoni okanye i-polyester kwaye ihlanganiswe neenyawo zokubonelela. Ezi ntshontsho zinciphisa umngcipheko wokuwa, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala.
Iingxowa ezingekho phantsi kwesohlongo zenzelwe ukuba zisetyenziswe ixesha elifutshane nje kwaye zixhobo zonyango zonyango. Nangona kunjalo, izigulane esibhedlele zivame ukuzigqoka zijikeleze iwashi kwaye zihamba zijikeleze esibhedlele nazo, zivakashele izindlu zangasese, iivenkile zeefesi, izitolo zesipho, indawo eziqhelekileyo, njalonjalo. Abantu badla ngokugqoka iisokisi ezifanayo iintsuku eziliqela kwaye bawalele ekulala, nabo.
Kwingxelo efutshane ka-2016 epapashwe kwiNgxelo ye-Infection Hospital , uMahada noBoswell bafumene i-VRE kuma-85 ekhulwini weesokisi kunye ne-MRSA ngamaphesenti asithoba. Ngaphezulu, i-VRE yafunyanwa kwi-69 yeepesenti zezibhedlele eziphantsi komhlaba, kwaye i-MRSA ifunyenwe kuma-17 eepesenti eziphantsi komhlaba. Ingqalelo, amandla esi sifundo sasingaphantsi kwaye isampuli ubukhulu becala.
Abaphengululi baphetha ngelithi i-non-slip socks, edla ngokuqhagamshelana nesibhedlele phantsi, yinto enokubakho isifo. Ababhali bacetyisa ukuba la masokisi kufuneka alahlekelwe emva kokusetyenziswa kwaye angadalwanga ixesha elide. Ngokuchanekileyo kangakanani le iiskiti ziyakunikwa ixesha elide, nangona kunjalo, akucaci, kwaye uphando olungakumbi lufuneka lwenziwe.
Ukufuna 'Ucocekileyo' Amagumbi
Kunzima ukuhlambulula isibhedlele esibhedlele. Kunzima ukuchaza oko "kucocekileyo" ngokuchanekileyo. Ngokubhekiselele kwisibhedlele, kuyavunywa ukuba i-detergents kunye ne-disinfectants inokukunceda ukulawula ii-pathogens. Okubaluleke kakhulu, i- detergents kunye ne- disinfectants ayifani ngokufanayo. Amagqabantshintshi asusa ukungcola, igrisi kunye neentsholongwane ngokutshiza ngeesepha kunye nezisombululo zamanzi; nangona kunjalo, ama-disinfectants ayenayo iikhemikhali okanye ukungenelela emzimbeni okubulala amabhaktheriya.
Uphando oluninzi lubonisa ukuba ukucoca ngaphantsi kunye nezinye iindawo kunye ne-detergents, kwaye ngoko nje ukususa umdaka ngesandla, kunokusebenza ngendlela efanelekileyo njengokuba usebenzisa i-disinfectants. Ngaphezu koko, ixabiso elibi, ukubulala-onke ama-disinfectants angabangela ukunyuka kwezinto ezikhuselekanga. Amagciwane angakhuselekanga angakwazi ukulimaza nabasebenzi abasebenzisayo kwaye ababi kummandla.
Izindlela zokucoca eziqhelekileyo zilungelelaniso ezingekho kakuhle kumgangatho wokutshitshiswa kunye neendawo eziphezulu zokuthintela kumagumbi esibhedlele. Iindlela zokucoca zangoku zijolise ukuba zijolise kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo okanye zisetyenziswe rhoqo ngokwaneleyo ukunciphisa i-bioburden okanye inani lezinyununu ezingakhokelela ekusulelekeni. Izindlela ezintsha, ezibandakanya i-disinfectants, i-steam, i-automatic systems dispersal, kunye ne-antimicrobial surfaces, kunzima ukuvavanya iindleko-mpu meko kuba idatha engqongileyo ayilinganiswa nangoko neziphumo zesigulane.
Ubungozi bokungcola okuphambene nomhlaba bunzima nakwizinto ezilandelayo:
- ukwanda komsebenzi wabasebenzi basezibhedlele
- yokubuya kwebhedi ngokukhawuleza
- inani elinyukayo yezigulana esibhedlele
- clutter
- ukungena kwamandla
Ngaphezu koko, ngexesha lokunyuka kweendleko zonyango, enye injongo ekujoliswe kuyo yokucoca izindleko kukucocwa, okubangela ukuba kubekho umngcipheko wokungcola kunye nokusuleleka.
Ngokomxholo we-2014 opapashwe kwiCliniki Microbiology :
Ukususa ukungcola okubonakalayo nokungabonakaliyo kwizibhedlele zanamhlanje kunye nexesha elizayo kudinga abasebenzi abaqeqeshwe ngokwaneleyo, ukubeka iliso ngokuqhubekayo, ukulinganisa kwe-bioburden, imfundo, ukuhlaziywa rhoqo kokusebenza, kunye nokunxibelelana ezimbini phakathi kwabo bajongene nokucoca kunye nabajongene nokulawulwa kwesulelo.
Kwikhulu leminyaka le-20, ukucocwa kwesibhedlele phantsi kunye nezinye izinto eziqongelelanisa i-bioburden kwakuyinto ephambili ebantwini abaphathi bezibhedlele. Amaxesha ashintshile kwaye ingcamango yokuba izinto ezinjalo zisebenza njengomthombo wesifo esibanjwe sisibhedlele sele samukelwe ngokubanzi. Nangona kunjalo, asazi njani ukujongana nale ngxaki ngempumelelo kwaye iiphelo ezininzi ezingapheliyo zihlala. Ngenxa yoko, nokuba unesigulane okanye isivakashi, kuyona nto inomdla ukuba uthathe amanyathelo okuqapha xa usesikhungweni.
Ukugcina ukhuselekile esibhedlele
Xa ungeniswa esibhedlele okanye u tyelele umntu omthandayo, yinto efanelekileyo yokunyathela ngokukhawuleza kwaye uthathe amanyathelo okunciphisa umngcipheko wokusuleleka. Nangona ungeke utheleleke emva kokuba uthinte izinto, unokusasaza izifo kubantu abanokusuleleka. Ngokukodwa, izigulane ezisebekhulile ezizibhedlele ezizibhedlele ezinezifo ezahlukahlukeneyo zisesichengeni esikhulu sezonyango ezifumana izibhedlele. Awufuni ukwenza nantoni na eyenza aba bantu bagule ngakumbi.
Nazi ezinye izilumkiso onokuzithatha xa usesibhedlele:
- Gcoba izandla zakho kunye nesepha kunye namanzi okanye i-cleaners-based based cleaners xa bengena okanye bephuma egumbini, emva kokuchukumisa isigulane kunye nasemva kokusebenzisa indlu yokuhlambela.
- Gwema ukuthinta izigulane ngokugqithiseleyo.
- Geza izandla ngokucokisekileyo uze ungachukumisi izitya kunye neephampu emva kokuhlamba izandla.
- Qiniseka ukuba uyomisa izandla zakho emva kokusebenzisa isepha kunye namanzi.
- Yenza okusemandleni akho ukuphepha ukuthintela iifowuni zeefowuni, umatshini wesibhedlele, iingubo zokulala, izicathulo, iisokisi kunye nayiphi na into enokungcoliswa.
- Musa ukuchukumisa umgangatho (uphawula ngokungafihli kodwa kwenzeka-buza nawuphi na umzali).
- Ukuba umntu obathandayo uyedwa, gqoka iingubo kunye neiglavu xa utyelela.
Ukuba unesigulane esibhedlele, unokulandela olu lukhokelo olufanayo kwaye wenze konke okusemandleni akho ukuba uhlale ungenawo unge-pathogen. Ngaphezu koko, khumbula ukuba kunamalungelo akho ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wakho, kwaye yinto efanelekileyo yokubuza imibuzo enokuyingozi enokuyibona phakathi kwabasebenzi basebhedlele. Ngokomzekelo, abasebenzi basezibhedlele kufuneka bahlambe izandla zabo okanye basebenzise i-cleaners cleaners before and after they touch you, nokuba nokuba basebenzisa amaglavu.
Ekugqibeleni, ungaba neentloni ngokucela iiskrini ezitsha ezingekho phantsi kwexesha xa ufuna. Ngokuqinisekileyo akufanele ugqoke iisokisi ezifanayo ixesha elide okanye ukulala kuzo. Ukuba uhambahamba esibhedlele kunye nale masokisi, utshintshe ekubuyeni kwakho uze uhlambe izandla zakho kakuhle.
> Imithombo
> Dancer SJ. Ukulawulwa kweNtsholongwane yokuThatyathwa kweziBhedlele: Gxininisa kwiNgqungquthela yeNdalo kunye neTeknoloji ezintsha zeContontamination. Iingcali zeMpilo zeMpilo. 2014; 27 (4): 665-690.
> Deshpande A et al. Ngaba Izibhedlele Zezibhedlele I-Reservoir Yokungeniswa Kwe-Clostridium difficile kunye ne-Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus? (Abstract). 2014.
> Koganti S et al. Ukuphononongwa kweeMbhedlele zeBhedlele njengeMvelaphi yokuSasazwa kwePathogen usebenzisa i-Virus engeyona i-Nonpathogenic njengempawu ezixhasayo. Ukulawulwa kweNtsholongwane kunye ne-Epidemiology yezibhedlele. 2016. 37 (11); 1374-1377.
> Mahida N kunye noBoswell T. Ukungabikho kwesohlwayo: indawo enokuba nayo yokudlulisa izilwanyana ezingapheliyo kwizibhedlele? Umbhalo we-Infection Hospital . 2016; 94: 273-275.