Ukuba ukulahlwa okanye ukuchaswa ...
Akukho mnye umthetho ofihla izithulu kunye nobunzima bokuva abantu. Kunoko, imithetho emininzi idibanisa ukungaboniyo nokulahlekelwa kwintetho njengokukhubazeka, kunye nemithetho ethile ibaluleke ngaphezu kwabanye.
UkuThola ukuPhukisa nokuPhucula kwangaphambili (EHDI) kuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iintsana ziza kuhlolwa ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe ngaphambi kokushiya esibhedlele. Ukuba ukuhlolwa kokuqala kungagqithwanga, uvavanyo lokuvavanya ukuvavanya luza kugqitywa ngeenyanga ezi-3 ubudala.
Ukuba ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe kukhoyo, ukubhaliswa kwenkqubo yenkqubo yokungenelela kwangexesha kuya kuqalwa ngeenyanga ezi-6.
Umntu onokukhubazeka wemfundo (IDEA) unikeza inkululeko, iinkonzo zokungenelela kwangaphambili ezifanelekileyo ukususela ekuzaleni ukuya kwiminyaka eyi-3 ubudala kwaye ihlanganisa iminyaka yesikolo (iminyaka engama-3 ukuya kwe-21). Ukuba umfundi uvumelekile phantsi kwe-IDEA okanye unesicwangciso se-504, isikolo kufuneka siqinisekise ukuba izixhobo zengxoxo zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo, umfundi unako ukufikelela kwi-teknoloji yesistim (njenge-FM), kwaye abo basebenzisa iteknoloji yokuncedisa-kuquka nootitshala - baqeqeshwe kakuhle ekunakekeleni nasekusebenziseni ezo teknoloji.
UMthetho waseMelika okhubazekileyo (ADA) unamacandelo amahlanu. Isihloko ndijolise kwingqesho kwaye sisebenza kumashishini anabasebenzi aba-15 okanye ngaphezulu. Okwesibini kuqinisekisa ukuba yonke imisebenzi karhulumente kunye neenkqubo zengingqi zifumaneka kubantu abakhubazekileyo. Isihloko III sichaza ukuba onke amashishini avulelekileyo kuluntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuba sisayizi, kufuneka afumaneke.
Isihloko IV senze inkonzo yesebe yomhlaba wonke ukwenza inkqubo yefowuni ifumaneke kubantu abanokukhubazeka kokuvalelwa kunye / okanye ukukhubazeka kwentetho. Isihloko V sihlobo oluthile.
Ngoxa i-ADA isebenza kwiindawo zendawo, i-Fair Housing Act isebenza kwiindawo zokuhlala. UMthetho weZindlu zoLungileyo unqanda ulwaphulo-mthetho kubantu abakhubazekileyo kwizindlu zoluntu okanye ezizimeleyo.
Iqinisekisa ababoneleli ngezindlu ukuba benze indawo yokuhlala ngokufanelekileyo kwaye bavumele abantu abakhubazekileyo ukuba benze utshintsho olufanelekileyo (nangona le nto ingaba yindleko zabo) kwizindlu. Lo msebenzi wabuye waqinisekisa ukuhlaliswa kwezindlu ezininzi zezindlu ezinxulumene nemigangatho ethile yokufikeleleka.
UMthetho we-21 weNxibelelwano kunye neVidiyo yokuFikelela kweeVidiyo (CVAA) wenziwa ngo-2010 nguMongameli Obama. I-CVAA ihlaziywe imithetho yokunxibelelana yaseburhulumenteni kwaye ibandakanya ukufikelela kufumaneka kwi-intanethi kubantu abakhubazekileyo.
Umthetho wokuXhaswa koNcedo lweeNkundla ufuna ukuba zonke iifowuni, kubandakanye iifowuni ze-wireless zintambo, zivelele ukuxhaswa ngokufanelekileyo, zibhalwe ngokucacileyo, kunye ne-ANSI zilinganiswe. Isilinganiselo sesi-4 sithetha ukuba ifowuni iyasetyenziswa, i-5 ifanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, kunye no-6 okanye ukulinganisa okungcono kubonisa ukusebenza kakuhle kakhulu ngee-hearing aid.
UMthetho wokuFinyelela koMbane (ACAA) uhlinzekela indawo yokuhlala abantu abanokukhubazeka ngama-air ne-airline angaphandle. Umntu onesikhubazo kufuneka avumele i-airline ukuba ikwazi ukukhubazeka kunye nendlela abayidinga ukunxibelelana ukuba ithunyelwe ngayo. Lo Mthetho uqinisekisa iithelevishini zichazwe kwinqwelo-moya kwaye inja yenkonzo inokuhamba nomnini wayo. Kwezinye iimeko, njengabantu abahamba ngezithulu abangaboniyo, i-airline ingafuna umncedisi wokukhusela ukuhamba nomntu onesikhubazo.
Kukho imithetho emininzi ekhusela amalungelo abantu abanelahleko lokuva; Ukuba unomuzwa wokuba uncatshiwe, isinyathelo sokuqala siyazi ukuba yeyiphi imithetho ekhoyo ukukhusela.
> Imithombo:
> UMerika onokukhubazeka uMthetho (nd). Umbutho kaZwelonke weZiThulu .
> Ulwaphulo loLwazi kunye nobuGcisa kuMthetho waseMelika okhubazekileyo (nd). I-United States Isebe lezoBulungisa kwiCandelo lamaLungelo oLuntu .
> Umthetho wokuNxibelelwaniswa kweeNkcazo ze-20 kunye neNkcazo (i). IKhomishini yezokuXhumana yaseFredeni
> Abagibeli abakhubazekileyo (1/06/2010). Ukukhuselwa kwabaThengi kunye nokunyanzeliswa kweSebe loThutho.
> Ukuncediswa koNcedo lweeNcedisi zeeFowuni ezingenantambo (nd). IKhomishini yezokuXhumana yaseFredeni
> Amalungelo okukhubazeka kwiZindlu (nd). ISebe leZindlu kunye noPhuhliso loMmandla.
> IiNkcukacha malunga nokuPhelelwa kokuPhula kweNtloko kunye noNgenophiso (I-EHDI) Iinkqubo zephondo (02/18/2015). Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo .
> Ukwakha ifa: I-IDEA 2004. Isebe leMfundo le-US .
Ehlelwe nguMelissa Karp, Au.D.