Ukuzama Ukufumana Ezona Zona Zona Zona Zomhlaba
Yintoni abazali abangayenza xa bengenakunyaniseki ukuba basebenzise kuphela indlela yomlomo okanye batyikitye kuphela ulwimi ngolwimi lwabo osisithulu? Bangasebenzisa uxhulumaniso olupheleleyo kunye nokufumana iinzuzo zombini.
Iyonke Intetho yoNxibelelwano?
Unxibelelwano olupheleleyo lusebenzisa nayiphi na indlela yokunxibelelana - ulwimi lwezandla, ilizwi, ukukhupha, ukubhala, ukukhulisa, ukubhala, isenzo, imifanekiso ebonakalayo (imifanekiso).
Ulwimi lwezandla ezisetyenziselwa ukuthetha ngokubanzi luhlobene kakhulu nesiNgesi. Ifilosofi yentetho yonxibelelwano kukuba indlela kufuneka ifakwe kumntwana, endaweni yendlela ejikeleze. Olunye ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokunxibelelana lithengiselwano olufanayo, olubizwa ngokuba yi-sim-com.
Uqhagamshelwano olupheleleyo lubonisa ukuba iindlela zonxibelelwano zingadinga ukulungiswa ngokusekelwe kwimeko. Ngamanye amaxesha ukutyikitya yindlela efanelekileyo yokuyisebenzisa, ngelixa ngamanye amaxesha, kunokuthetha. Kwezinye iimeko, ukubhala kungayindlela efanelekileyo yokuyisebenzisa.
Nangona ezinye izikolo / iinkqubo zezizithulu zisebenzisa i-ASL kunye nesiNgesi, ininzi yeenkqubo zemfundo zabasebenzisi abayizithulu zisebenzisa uxhulumaniso olupheleleyo. (Inkqubo yabantwana bam uya kusebenzisa uxhulumaniso olupheleleyo.) Ingcamango kukuba ukusebenzisa uwonke-nxibelelwano luya kudala indawo "yokunciphisa imimandla" yokufunda yomntwana osisithulu, okhululekile ukuhlakulela ukukhethwa komnxibelelwano (nangona umntwana uya kukhuthazwa ukuba asebenzise zombini intetho kunye nolwimi lwezandla).
Inzuzo yoLonke iNxibelelwano
Abanye abazali nabafundisi banomdla wokuthintana ngokupheleleyo njengento yokubamba-konke okuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana oyisithulu unokufumana iindlela zokunxibelelana (ukuthetha njengento efunekayo, okanye ukusayina njengoko kuyimfuneko).
Umzekelo, umntwana oyisithulu ongakwazi ukuthetha kakuhle ngomlomo ufumana inkxaso eyongezelelweyo yelwimi lwezandla, kwaye ngokulandelana.
Ukusebenzisa ukunxibelelana ngokubanzi kunokunciphisa uxinzelelo kubazali ukuba bakhethe indlela enye kwenye.
Ucwaningo lufanisa abantwana abangama-147 kwiinkqubo zomnxibelelwano zomlomo kunye neendlela eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenzisiweyo. Uhlolisiso lufanisa ulwimi oluthethayo nolulwamkelekileyo, oluthethiweyo okanye olusayinwe. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba abantwana baphuculwe kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni inkqubo ababeyiyo-ukuthetha ngomlomo okanye ngokubanzi.
Iziphumo zibonise ukuba abafundi abaqhelanisiweyo banxibelelwano benza ngcono kumanyathelo athile. Bobabini abafundi bezomlomo kunye nabathengi banako ukuqonda xa bethetha nabo. Nangona kunjalo, kulabo bantwana abafumene izimpembelelo zabo ngaphambi kokuba babe neminyaka emi-5 ubudala, abafundi abaqhelanisiweyo banokuqonda kangcono xa bethetha kunokuba baxoxe ngomlomo nabafundi. Ukongezelela, abafundi abaqhelanisiweyo banxibelelwano ngolwimi olucacileyo xa befakwe ngaphambili.
Iingxaki zeNtetho yonxibelelwano
Izingozi zokusebenzisa uwonke-nxibelelwano eklasini ukuba abaqeqeshi bangasebenzisa ngokungahambisani. Ngaphezu koko, unxibelelwano olupheleleyo alukwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zonxibelelwano zabo bonke abafundi abayizithulu eklasini. Oku kuya kuba nefuthe kwindlela ulwazi lolwazi olufunyenwe ngayo ngabafundi abayizithulu.
Omnye umngcipheko onokuthi kukuba unxibelelwano olupheleleyo luya kubangela izakhono zokuthetha ezingaphantsi. Oku kwaphawulwa kwiphononongo eyenziwa ngabaphandi kwinkqubo yomlomo. Ukufunda kwabo kuqhathanisa abafundi kwiinkqubo zonxibelelwano ezipheleleyo kunye nabafundi kwiinkqubo zomlomo kuphela. Uphononongo lwabo lufumene ukuba abafundi abakwiinkqubo zomlomo bakhulisa intetho eqondakalayo kunokuba bonke abafundi bezonxibelelwano.
Iincwadi kwiiNkcukacha zonxibelelwano
Uninzi lweencwadi malunga nokuthetha kunye nokufundisa abantwana abazizithulu nabantwana abavalelekileyo ziquka isahluko sokuthintana. Iincwadi ezizodwa malunga noqhagamshelwano olupheleleyo zibonakala zimbalwa kwinani.
Ziquka:
- "Intetho yoNxibelelwano: Ulwakhiwo kunye neSicwangciso" nguLionel Evans
- "Ubuninzi beNxibelelwano: Iintetho ezibangelwa uMbutho wokuKwandisa amathuba okufumana abantwana abaPhuphukileyo" ngoJim Pahz
Isizathu sokuba abazali bakhethe ukuThetha koNxibelelwano
Abazali abasebenzisa le sayithi banike le nkcazo isizathu sokuba bakhetha ukuthetha ngokubanzi:
Siye sakhetha ukwanxibelelwano olupheleleyo kubantwana bethu babini - banxiba izixhobo zokuvavanya . Isikolo sabo sisebenzise BONA [ukusayina isiNgesi] kunye nenkulumo, ngoko bekungekho nkathazo kubo ekufumaneni ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo kwilwimi. ulwimi kunye zombini ukugqwesa ekufundeni.
"Silindele ukuba baya kuthatha iikholeji ze-ASL esikolweni esiphakeme kunye / okanye kwiikholeji, kodwa kwiminyaka yabo yokuqala, sasinomdla kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuba babe nesiseko esisisiseko kulwimi ababeza kusebenza kuyo kwizakhono zabo kunye Ubomi bomntu bonke ubomi babo bonke.
"Ukufunda isiNgesi njengolwimi lwabo lokuqala kukuncedise ukuqinisekisa ukuba abayi kuxhomekeka kumntu owaziyo i-ASL ukuba bahlale bejikeleze ukuze bakwazi ukuqonda iziganeko ezibangqongileyo. Kwaye saziva ukuba isiseko esinamandla kwisiNgesi siya kubaxhobisa ukuba bafumane ukufezekisa imisebenzi njengabantu abadala; sicinga ukuba baya kuxhomekeka kubonxibelelwano olubhaliweyo nangaphezulu kuninzi lwabantu, ngoko kuyacaca ngathi ukuba siqiniseke ukuba bahamba kakuhle ngesiNgesi njengoko babeza kuba! "
Imithombo:
UConnor, uCarol McDonald, uSara Hieber, uH. Alexander ubuGcisa noTeresa A. Zwolan. Intetho, isigama, kunye neMfundo yabantwana ngokusebenzisa ii-Cochlear Implants Oral okanye i-Total Communication? Umbhalo weNtetho, uLwimi, nokuPhando uPhando Vol.43 1185-1204 Oktobha 2000.
Ukufundisa Abantwana Abazithulu okanye Abanzima bokuva: I-Intetho yonxibelelwano. ERIC Digest # 559. (ED414677)
UJohn, uThomas W. Ootitshala beeKlasi zokuQhagamshelana zoLwazi. Iphephandaba linikezelwe kwiNgqungquthela yonyaka yoMbutho weeKholeji zoTitshala - abaziThulu kunye noViwo lokuBala (23rd, Santa Fe, NM, Matshi 7-10, 1997) (ED406775)