Ukurekhoda ngokufihlakeleyo kuyaxhaphaka kwaye kaninzi kwezomthetho
Ngokwe-Pew Research Centre, ngo-2016, i-77% yabantu baseMerika abanenombolo ye-smartphone. Le nombolo ingaphezu kokuphindwe kabini kwakuba yintoni xa i-Pew Research Centre yaqala ukulandelela ubunikazi be-smartphone ngo-2011. Emva koko, ama-35 ekhulwini aseMerika anama-smartphone. Ngaphezulu, ngo-2016, kwakukho ukuphakama okubukhali kubunini phakathi kwabantu abadala kunye nabantu abafumana inzuzo engaphantsi.
I-Smartphones ikhona yonke indawo, kwaye i-coverage iyakhula.
Ukongezelela ekwenzeni iifowuni, ii-smartphone zingenza ezinye izinto ezininzi. Bangakwazi ukuthatha iifoto, badonsa ividiyo, badlale umculo, kwaye bafikelele kwi-intanethi. Zingasetyenziselwa ukurekhoda ukuqeshwa kwabagqirha ngaphandle kolwazi ngogqirha.
Ngokufihlakeleyo ukurekhoda ukuhlangana kweeklinikhi kunokuvakala ukuhlambalaza, kodwa kwi-39 ye-50 ithi, yinto esemthethweni. Ukongezelela, uphando lubonisa ukuba ukuhlangana kweekliniki ezibhalweyo kunokuxhobisa kunye nemfundo kwizigulane. Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha abaninzi bayaqondakala ngokukrekhoda malunga nokurekhoda kweengcebiso zabo ezijikelezayo ngapha nangaphandle.
Ziyafana Kanjani?
Ayikho inkcukacha enkulu malunga nokurekhoda okufihlakeleyo; umba usanda kuphakama ukuya phambili.
Kwisifundo esincinane sase-UK, u-Elwyn kunye nabalobi be-co-found bafumanisa ukuba iipesenti ezili-15 zabaphenduli babonisa ukuba babhalise ukudibanisa nodokotela ngaphandle kwemvume, kwaye ama-35 ekhulwini abathathi-nxaxheba bathi bacinga ukwenza.
Ngaphezu koko, kwiphononongo efanayo, iipesenti ezili-11 zeeklinikhi zaphendula ukuba ziyazi ukuba zibhalwe ngasese ngesigulane esidlulileyo. Ngokwababhali besifundo, "iipesenti ezingama-69 zabaphenduli babonisa umnqweno wabo wokurekhoda ukuhlangana kweekliniki, ukwahlukana ngokulinganayo phakathi kokufuna ukwenza njalo okanye ngemvume."
Ngaba Kusemthethweni Kangakanani?
Iphondo ngalinye linomthamo walo wocingo kunye nemithetho yokumisa. Imimiselo iyahluka ukusuka kummandla ukuya kummandla ngokusekelwe ekubeni ngaba omnye okanye amaqela amabini kufuneka avume ukurekhoda ingxoxo, oko kubhekiswe njengegunya elilodwa lamalungu okanye amabutho onke, ngokulandelanayo. Ingqikithi, i-39 ye-50 ithi kunye neSithili sase-Columbia zilawulwa ngamanye amalungu-apho kukho elinye iqela elifuna ukuvuma. Ngamanye amagama, kula manzi, ukuba umntu ufuna ukurekhoda omnye umntu-kuquka ukuhlangana kweklinikhi-kuyomthetho.
Kukho amaqela angama-11 enkampani-yolawulo apho zonke zombini ugqirha kunye nesigulane kufuneka bobabini bavume ukurekhoda ingxoxo: eCalifornia, eCalifornia, eFlorida, e-Illinois, e-Maryland, eMassachusetts, eMichigan, e-Montana, eNew Hampshire, eOregon, ePennsylvania naseWashington. Kule mihlaba, kuyisicatshulwa kwisigulana ukurekhoda ugqirha ngaphandle kwemvume.
Kwimibutho yamanye umntu-okanye ininzi ye-United States-ukuba isiguli sifuna ukurekhoda ukuhlangana kwekliniki kwaye ugqirha uyala, isigulane sinokuqhubeka ukurekhoda ukudibana nayo. Ugqirha kufuneka ukhethe ukuqhubeka okanye ukuphelisa ukudibana.
Kuzo zonke izikhundla zombutho, ugqirha kufuneka ucelwe isigulane ukuba ubhale ingxoxo yeklinikhi.
Nakuphi na ukurekhoda okungekho mthethweni kungabikwa ngonyango kubaphathi. Impembelelo ezinokwenzeka zibandakanya impindiselo yengozi, iifizi zommeli kunye nezinye iindleko, ngokusabalalisa ukurekhoda nge-intanethi kuthathwa njengophulaphulo olongezelelweyo.
Kuthiwani ngeHIPAA?
Njengaye naziphi na iirekhodi zonyango ezisemthethweni, i-HIPAA Private Rule ihlanganisa nayiphi na i-audio okanye ividiyo yokurekhoda eyenziwe yinkonzo yezempilo, icebo lempilo, okanye indlu yokucima impilo. Nangona kunjalo, i- HIPAA ayifaki kwiirekhodi ezenziwe ngumguli. Ngamanye amagama, kwimiqathango yamanye umntu, isigulane sinokuhambisa ukurekhoda njengento ekholisayo.
Yiyiphi Inzuzo Yokurekhoda?
Uphando lubonisa ukuba izigulane zibeka ixabiso eliphezulu kwiirekhodi ezilalelwayo ezenziwa kwiinkonzo zeklinikhi. Ngokomzekelo, ekuhlaziyweni kuka-2014, i-Tsulukidze kunye noogxa bafumana ukuba, ngokuqhelekileyo, iipesenti ezingama-72 zezigulane ziphulaphule iingxoxo ezirekhodiweyo. Ukongezelela, iipesenti ezingama-60 zezigulane zabelana ngezi rekhodi zomsindo kunye nabathandekayo nabanye. Ngokona nxalenye, ezi rekhodi ziboniswe ukuphucula isigulane ukukhumbula kunye nokuqonda kweemeko zabo.
Ezinye iziphumo zophando zibonisa ukuba izigulane kunye namalungu entsapho bahlala bebunzima ukuqonda oko kuthethwa ngethuba lokuqeshwa kwegqirha ngenxa yokuba banqotshwa intlungu kunye neengxaki ezinzima. Ukurekhoda kungadlala emva koko xa isigulane kunye namalungu entsapho bekulungele ukuqonda umyalezo, ukhokelo kunye neengcebiso. I-Oncologists iye yazi malunga nale nzeka kwithuba elithile, oko kutheni ukurekhodwa kweentlanganiso kudla ngokuqhelekileyo kwizigulana eziphathwe ngumhlaza.
Kuhlolisiso olukhankanywe ngaphambili kwe-UK, uElwyn kunye nabalobi be-co-author bafumene ukuba iinjongo eziphambili zokurekhoda iintlanganiso zeekliniki kukuphucula amava enkonzo kunye nokwabelana ngamava nabanye. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izigulane zithi zifuna ukusebenzisa ii-rekodi njengobungqina bonyango olubi.
Ngaba oogqirha bavakalelwa njani?
Ngokukodwa emsebenzini, bambalwa abantu abathanda ukubhalwa ngaphandle kwemvume yabo; ogqirha ahluke.
Kwimbono evela kuJAMA , uRodriguez noMorrow bhala oku kulandelayo:
Akukho konke ukusetyenziswa kwezi ngxoxo ezirekhodiweyo kunenzuzo kwizigulane kunye noogqirha. Amagulane okanye amalungu omndeni angavumelani neengcebiso zamagqirha abo okanye abacaphukisayo ngamagqirha abo nangayiphi na isizathu esenza lula ukuba bathathe izimvo ezivela kule mibhalo ngaphandle kwimixholo, kunye neenkcukacha ezimbalwa, ukusabalalisa ngeendaba zoluntu. Izigulane ziyakwazi ukurekhoda iingxoxo kunye nenjongo ethile yokuseka izizathu zokugweba okanye ukuqokelela izinto ezifanelekileyo zokusebenzisa ugqirha.
Ngaphezu koko, ukuba ugqirha ugxeka okanye kamva ufumanisa ukuba ukudibana kuye kwabhalwa ngaphandle kwemvume, ulwalamano nolugulane lunokubandezeleka. Okokuqala, aba oogqirha banokholo lokuba banqatshelwe ilungelo lokuvuma ukurekhoda. Okwesibini, oogqirha banokuziva bekhuselekile ukuhlolisisa nokungaqiniseki isigulane.
ILizwi
Ekugqibeleni, ababoneleli bezempilo, abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nemibutho yokukhuthaza isigulane kufuneka bahlangane ukuze baqhube izikhokelo kunye nezikhokelo zolawulo malunga nokurekhoda kwezigulane.
Okwangoku, nangona kunjalo, ingaba yinto efanelekileyo kubagqirha kwimigunyeni yamanye umntu ukuba bamkele ukuba banokuthi badityaniswe ngasese ngexesha lokuhlangana kweeklinikhi. Ugqirha unokuqhubeka ngaphandle kokuvumela ukukhathazeka malunga nokubhalwa kwenkathalo yonyango, ukwenziwa kwezigqibo zonyango, okanye isimo sengqondo ngesigulane.
Ngaphandle koko, ugqirha unokubuza ukuba idibanayo ibhalwa, ivakalise, ifundise isigulane malunga nokusetyenziswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezi ngxelo.
Ekugqibeleni, nangona kungekho mbopheleleko yomthetho, kunokubangela ukuba isigulane sixelele ugqirha ukuba baceba ukurekhoda ukuhlangana. Ukwenza oko kunokuphelisa nayiphi na imvakalelo enzima, ukuxhalabisa, okanye ukuthukuthela kwinxalenye yonyango.
> Imithombo:
> Elwyn, G, Barr, PJ, Castaldo, M. Ngaba Izigulane Ziyakwenza Ingxelo Yeentlanganiso Zonyango? JAMA. Julayi 10, 2017.
> Elwyn G, Barr PJ, Grande SW. Izigulana zirekhoda ukuhlangana kweeklinikhi: indlela yokuxhobisa amandla? Uvavanyo ngeendlela ezidibeneyo. BMJ Open. 2015; 5: e008566.
> Rodriguez, M, Morrow, J. Impembelelo yokuziphatha kwezigulane kunye neentsapho Imfihlo yokurekhoda Ingxoxo kunye noogqirha. JAMA. 2015; 313 (16): 1615-1616.
> Smith, A. Bhala amasheya aseMerika ngoku ayenayo iifowuni ze-smartband, ene-broadband yasekhaya. IPew Research Research Centre. www.pewresearch.org.
> Tsulukidze, M, et al. Ukubonelela ukurekhodwa kokubonisana kliniki kwizigulane - Ukungenelela okuxabisekileyo kakhulu kodwa kungaphantsi kwamandla: Ukuphononongwa kwakhona. Imfundo noMcebisi. 2014; 95: 297-304.