Akunjalo efanayo neNyango yokuThengwa kweMpilo
"Impilo yoluntu yonke" okanye "ukufihla yonke indawo" ibhekisela kwinkqubo yokwabiwa kwemithombo yolondolozo lwempilo apho wonke umntu efunyaniswa khona ngoncedo lwezempilo oluphambili kwaye akukho namnye ophikelwa unyameko xa nje ehlala emimini esemthethweni kwintsimi efana nayo bonke abahlali be-Commonwealth yaseMassachusetts, okanye bonke abemi belizwe laseKhanada.
Ingcamango yolondolozo lwempilo yendalo yonke idla ngokungahambelani ngokulinganayo nomhlawuli-ntlawulo omnye , inkqubo yonyango lwempilo karhulumente, apho zonke iindleko zonyango zihlawulwa lilungu elinye, ngokuqhelekileyo urhulumente. Nangona kunjalo, "umhlawuli omnye" kunye "jikelele" akafani.
Umyinge
Inkqubo "yokufikelela kwindalo yonke" inokuthetha izinto ezimbini ezahlukileyo. Okokuqala, inokubhekisela kwinkqubo apho wonke ummi angakwazi ukungena kwi-inshurensi yezempilo okanye yoluntu. Okwesibini, inokubhekisela kwinkqubo apho ummi wonke ufumana ngokuzenzekelayo iinkonzo ezisisiseko okanye eziphantsi kweendleko (ukukhusela, unyango lwezonyango) kwisicwangciso esinikezelwe ngu-standard of benefits.
E-United States, injongo yokubambisa i-Universal Care Act- ngamanye amaxesha abizwa ngokuba yi-Obamacare-kunye neengxabano malunga nendlela yokwandisa ukukhutshwa kwexesha ngelixa iqulethe iindleko sele idlulile ukulawula kweTrump. Ngaphantsi kwe-ACA, iinkampani ze-inshorensi zempilo zingenzela iinkqubo ezithile zempilo ngokuxuba iintlawulo ezifunwa ngumthetho.
Kubantu abawa ngamaphesenti athile omgaqo-ntlupheko wentlupheko, i-slide ye-slide yezibonelelo zentlawulo karhulumente zihlawula ezinye zazo okanye zonke iiprimiyam. Impembelo enenjongo ekujoliswe kuyo yinto yokuba nabani na, kungakhathaliseki ukuba bangeniso, bangakwazi ukufumana ubuncinane isicwangciso-mali esisisiseko sezempilo.
Iinkqubo zokuhlawula abangabodwa
Kwindlela yokuhlawula enye, nangona kunjalo, akukho iinkampani zomshuwalense yangasese ukuqala.
Urhulumente wedwa ugunyazisa kwaye ahlawule izibonelelo zempilo. Umzekelo weklasi we-single payer system yiNkonzo yezeMpilo kaZwelonke yaseBrithani; I-NHS ilawula ukufikelela kwimithombo yolondolozo lwempilo kwaye iqeshe abasebenzi bezempilo. IKhanada inika icebo elifanayo.
Amanye amalungu e-US ntshukumo eqhubela phambili aphakamise ukuba iUnited States ifikelele kwindlela yokunakekelwa kwempilo yabanye abangabakhokheli ngokunikela "i- Medicare kubo bonke" -kuthi, ngokuthatha inkqubo yokuhlawula urhulumente kubantu asebekhulile baze bayigcine yonke into ngabemi. Akwacaci ke ke, ukuba indlela enjalo inayo inkxaso ebonakalayo yezopolitiko ngaphaya kwezinye iilingo ezicetywayo kwilizwe ngalinye.
Ububambiswano boLuntu-abucala
Kulo lonke ihlabathi, amazwe amaninzi anikezela ngononophelo lwempilo jikelele, kubo bonke abemi bawo, kwimibutho yabucala-abucala, kwaye kungekhona ngeenkqubo zokuhlawula omnye. Imizekelo yale mazwe ibandakanya iJamani, iNetherlands neSingapore. ISingapore iyanandipha enye yeenkqubo zezempilo eziphumelele kakhulu kwihlabathi, ngokulindela ubomi obude kunye namazinga okufa kwabantwana abancinane.
UkuLawula ingozi
Kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo apho abagcini-bhankanye bodwa badlala indima kwimali yokunakekelwa kwezempilo, iinkampani zomshuwalense ngamnye zempilo kufuneka zilinganise umlinganiselo wegulane ukuya kwinyango kwisiseko sabathengi babo ngenxalenye ngeemveliso zongeziweyo kunye neenkonzo ezinikela kumgangatho omncinci karhulumente, kwaye ezo zinto zithengwa kwixabiso lemarike.
Kwezinye iindawo, urhulumente ukhusela abo batshutshisi ngokubhekiselele ekulahlekeni okuyingxenye ngokuthi "bahlawulise" abo bango-inshorensi abaneengcipheko zengcipheko ezenziwe ngcono kunezinga eliqhelekileyo kunye nokulinganisa iindleko. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuba nguhlengahlengiso lwengozi . Nangona kunjalo, kumazwe apho ukuthengwa kwenkqubo kungakhathaliseki ngokuzithandela okanye ngokuzithandela ngokuzithandela (umz., Ngokusebenzisa izigwebo eziphantsi zokungathobeli), abo bathiwa abaNcinci abaNcinci-abantu abancinci, abasempilweni abahlawula kwinkqubo kodwa badla izinto ezincinci- ukuzinza kwemali kwinkqubo. Xa i-Young Invincible iyancipha ukuba ithathe inxaxheba, inkqubo ixhamla kubantu abadala kunye nabagulayo, eqhuba ngokuphumelelayo iindleko kuwo wonke umntu.