Kutheni umntu enokucinga ngokufa ngokukhawuleza?
Kutheni abantu befuna ukuzibulala ngogqirha? Njengoko olu khetho lufumaneke kwilizwe elikhethiweyo kunye namazwe amashumi eminyaka, imeko ebonakalayo iyahluke kwizinto ozicingayo okanye ukwesaba.
Iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba izigulane ezikhuselekileyo azibonakali zicinezelwe ukuba zithathe olu khetho. Esikhundleni saloo, isigulane esifanayo sinomdlavuza, sikhulile, simhlophe, sifundwe kakuhle, kwaye singenabuhlungu obukhulu.
Ulahlekelwe ukuzimela kunye nomgangatho wobomi , ukwesaba ukwandisa intlungu, kwaye ukhetha ukukhetha ixesha lokuphuma kwakhe.
Ukulahlekelwa koLawulo kunye neMgangatho woBomi
Ukuqhutyelwa phambili kuyenziwe ekuphuculeni ukunakekelwa kokuphela komsebenzi ngokunyamekela nokunyamekela, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha akwanele. Izigulane ezininzi eziguga kunye nezigulo eMelika zifa ngenxa yentlungu, kwaye amakhaya amaninzi anamahlengikazi aphantsi.
Ukugula okungapheliyo kunye nokuphelisa ubomi kunokukwenza umntu abe nomuzwa wokuthi alahlekelwe nguwo wonke ulawulo lwawo ubomi. Umzimba akwenzi oko ku fanele kwaye akukho ndlela yokumisa. Ukuzibulala ngogqirha (PAS) unokuziva ngathi uyindlela yokufumana kwakhona olo lawulo. Ukuba abanako ukulawula ukugula, banokulawula ubuncinane indlela abafa ngayo.
Ubunjani bobomi bubangelwa zizigulane ezifuna i-PAS. Ukulahlekelwa ukuzimela, okanye ukungakwazi ukuzinyamezela nokwenza izigqibo zakho, kuxelwa kwipesenti ezingama-90 zee-PAS e-Oregon.
Ukulandela ngokukhawuleza kukuba ukulahlekelwa kwesithunzi kunye nokulahleka kokukwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi enandiphayo. Akuthi ngaphandle kokuba ukuhlupheka ngokwenyama kunciphise kakhulu umgangatho wobomi.
Kwabo bahluphekayo kwiintsuku zabo zokugqibela, ukufa kuya kuba ngumcimbi owamkelekileyo. Bangavakalelwa kukuba kuya kuphelisa iimbandezelo zabo ngokusisigxina kunye nokunciphisa umthwalo kubathandekayo babo.
Ukuzibulala ngogqirha kunokubonakala ngathi kuyona ndlela ikhethekileyo kubo kunye neentsapho zabo.
Izibalo zokuzibulala
Kwimimandla yase-United States apho i-legal, ipesenteji yokuncedisa ugqirha yabangama-0.1% ukuya kwi-0,2 ekhulwini kubo bonke abantu abafa, ngelixa e-Netherlands i-1.8 iphesenti ukuya kuma-2.9 ekhulwini kubo bonke abafayo.
US
Ukuzibulala ngogqirha kusemthethweni kwiindawo ezintlanu ngo-2017: Oregon, Washington, Montana, Colorado, Vermont, neCalifornia. Kusemthethweni e-Oregon ukususela ngo-1997 kwaye i-Oregon Health Authority ikhiqize ingxelo yonyaka nge-PAS.
Izizathu zezigulane ezinikezelayo xa kucela i-PAS e-Oregon iye yahlala iqhubeka kwiingxelo zeminyaka engama-20:
- Amaphesenti angama-90 abike amandla okunciphisa ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi eyenza ubomi bujabulise
- Amaphesenti angama-90 abika ukulahleka kokuzimela
- Iipesenti ezingama-65 zabika ukulahlekelwa kwesithunzi
Uninzi lwamanani e-Oregon lubandakanya:
- Ngaphantsi kwezibini ezithathu kwisigulane se-Oregon esifumana imithi ye-PAS ifa ngokungenisa iyeza. Lelo nani liye lahlala lingaguquguquki ngaphezu kweminyaka emibini. Inombolo yonyaka unikwa imithi encinci, nangona ikhula, ikhula ukusuka ngaphantsi kwe-100 ngonyaka ukuya ku-2010 ibe ngaphezu kwe-200 ngonyaka ngonyaka ka-2015 no-2016.
- Kuphela izigulane eziyi-1,127 zafa ngenxa yokuzibulala ngogqirha eOregon ukususela ngo-1997 ukuya ku-2016 ngelixa imiqathango eyi-1,749 yabhalwa.
- Iipesenti ezingama-90 zezigulane ze-Oregon PAS zafa ekhaya kwaye i-88 ekhulwini yazo yabhaliswa kwinkqubo yokubhedlele.
- Iingxelo zokuzibulala ezixhaswa ngugqirha ezingama-37.2 kwi-10,000 e-Oregon, inani eliphindwe kabini ukusuka ngo-2010.
- Ngaphantsi kwe-1 pesenti yamagqirha e-Oregon naseWashington bhala imithi ye-PAS ngonyaka.
IKhanada: Ukuzibulala-ncedisa ugqirha kwasemthethweni eQuebec ngo-2016 kwaye kuzwelonke ngoJuni 2016.
Inetherlands:
- Ukuzibulala ngogqirha kunomthetho phantsi kweemeko eziqinileyo.
- Ilungelo lokukhetha ukuzibulala ngogqirha lihlala lithandwa kakhulu.
- Amaphesenti angama-60 amaDokotela aseDatshi avumele izicelo ze-PAS.
UBelgium : I-euthanasia esemthethweni ngo-2002.
Luxembourg : I-euthanasia esemthethweni kwaye yanceda ukuzibulala ngo-2009.
UK: Ukuzibulala ngonyango kungekho mthethweni. Inkuthazo yangoku kukho ukugxininisa ekunyamekeleni , kungekhona i-euthanasia.
Kwenye indawo kwiLizwe: Ukuzibulala ngonyango kunomthetho phantsi kwemimiselo ecacileyo eColombia naseJapane.
> Imithombo:
> Umthetho wokufa kunye nohlonipho. Oregon Health Authority. http://www.oregon.gov/OHA/PH/ProviderPartnerResources/EvaluationResearch/DeathwithDignityAct/pages/index.aspx.
> UEmanuel EJ, u-Onwuteaka-Philipsen BD, i-Urwin JW, iCohen J. Isimo sengqondo kunye neMisebenzi yokuThuthukiswa kwe-Euthanasia kunye noNogqirha-ukuxhaswa kwi-United States, eCanada naseYurophu. Jama . 2016; 316 (1): 79. i-doi: 10.1001 / jama.2016.8499.
> Ganzini L, Goy ER, iDobscha SK. I-Oregoni Izizathu zokucela Uncedo lweNjirha ekuDeni. IiNcwadi zoLondolozo lwangaphakathi . 2009; 169 (5): 489. i-doi: 10.1001 / archinternmed.2008.579.
> Steck N, Egger M, Maessen M, Reisch T, Zwahlen M. Euthanasia kunye neNkxaso yokuzibulala kumazwe akhethiweyo aseYurophu naseMelika. Unyango . 2013; 51 (10): 938-944. i-doi: 10.1097 / mlr.0b013e3182a0f427.