Ukukhubazeka kwe-cerebral ichazwa njengomntwana ozalwayo (okwangoku ekuzalweni okanye kungekudala emva kokuzalwa) ubuncipheko bezithuthi okanye izakhono zokuqonda ezibangelwa ngumonakalo kwingqondo okanye kwiingxaki zentuthuko yangaphakathi yengqondo eyenzeka ngexesha lokukhulelwa komama okanye kungekudala emva kokuzalwa komntwana wakhe . I-cerebral palsy iyigama elithetha ukuba ubuthathaka bemoto ye-cerebral (ingqondo) ye-etiology.
Ukuchaphazeleka malunga nabantwana aba-1 kwabangama-500 kunye nabantu abadala , kukho ezinye izizathu eziye zaziwa kunye nemingcipheko yale mqathango.
Izizathu eziqhelekileyo
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ezininzi izizathu ezibonakalayo zokukhubazeka kwe-cerebral zingenzeka ngaphandle kokuphuhliswa kwalo mqathango. Akucaci ukuba kutheni abanye abantwana abafumana ezi ziganeko behlakulela ukukhubazeka kwe-cerebral kwaye abanye bengenzi.
Idiopathic
Kwiimeko ezininzi, akukho nto ibangelwayo yokukhubazeka kwengqondo. Nangona kukho isibalo esaziwayo esibangela ukukhubazeka kwe-cerebral, ukuba wakho okanye umntwana wakho ufumaniswe ukuba iqela lakho lezonyango lingenako ukufumanisa isizathu.
Uninzi lwabantwana abafunyaniswa ukuba banalo mqathango babengaziwa ukuba babonakaliswe kwizizathu ezibalulekileyo okanye ingozi, banokuhlolwa kobuchopho obuqhelekileyo kwaye abanalo ukungaqhelekanga kwemfuyo ehambelana nokukhubazeka kwe-cerebral palsy.
Uphuhliso lweCerebral
Ngamanye amaxesha, iimvavanyo zengqondo zomntwana okanye umntu omdala onokukhubazeka kwe-cerebral angabonisa iipatheni ze-malformation kwisakhiwo se-anatomiki yengqondo.
Ezinye iindawo zengqondo zinokuba zikhulu okanye zincinci kunomlinganiselo okanye umgca ongavamile. Okukhulu kuneendawo eziqhelekileyo ezizaliswe ngogesi zingabakho kwezinye iimeko.
Ngamanye amaxesha, izifundo zengcamango zingabonakalisa isakhiwo sengqondo esingatshintshiyo kwisayizi okanye ngesimo, njengokwi-foctical dysplasia, imeko apho i-neurons kwindawo yengqondo ayifuduki kwindawo yayo.
Isizathu sokuphuhliswa kwe-cerebral engavamile asiqhelekanga.
Hypoxia
Xa umntwana ozalwayo engakazalwa okanye umntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa esweleka ukungena kwe-oksijeni, kwithuba elifutshane, oku kungabangela umonakalo ongapheliyo kwengqondo yomntwana okhulayo. I-Hypoxia inokuvela ngenxa yeemeko ezahlukeneyo ezifana nesifo sengqondo somama, isifo esinzima esingumama, kunye neengxaki ngexesha lobasebenzi kunye nokuhanjiswa kwezizathu ezingaziwa.
Izifo
Ezinye iintsholongwane zomama zingabangela impembelelo yengqondo yomntwana, kubangele ukungabikho komzimba okungabonakaliyo okubonakalayo njengokukhubazeka kwe-cerebral, ngokukodwa ukuba iqhubela phambili kubangele izifo ezinjenge-sepsis ezinzulu.
I ngxaki
Ingozi yomama ingathintela ingqondo yengane ngeendlela eziliqela, ezinokubangela ukukhubazeka kwe-cerebral. Ukulahleka kwegazi okanye ukunyuswa kwe-oksijeni efumanekayo ngenxa yexinzelelo kungabangela umntwana okhulayo ukuba ahlupheke nge-hypoxia. Imiphumo yomzimba yempembelelo embi ingalimaza umntwana ngeendlela ezikhokelela okanye ezifakayo kwi-cerebral palsy.
Izifo zeCerebrovascular Disease
Umntwana osakhulayo okanye umntwana osandul 'utsha unokufumana isifo , okubangelwa yimoto engasigxina okanye ingxaki engqondweni. Isizathu sokubetha sisenokungaziwa, okanye sinxulumene nokugula komama okanye iimeko zokuqhawula igazi.
Ubunzima bokuzalwa
Isisindo sokuzalwa esincinci sidibene ne-cerebral palsy. Ngokukodwa, iintsana ezilinganisela ngaphantsi kwama-4 iipounds ngexesha lokuzalwa zisengozini ephezulu yokukhubazeka kwengqondo kubantwana abangaphantsi.
Ukuqhawuka kwangaphambili
Iintsana ezizalelwa kwiiveki ezingama-28-zithuba ezili-12 iiveki ezifutshane zexesha elipheleleyo (iiveki ezingama-40) zisengozini ephezulu yokukhubazeka kwengqondo kubantwana abangengaphambi kwexesha.
Iingxaki zengqesho kunye neenkonzo
Iimeko ezinxamisekileyo ngexesha lokubambisana kunye nokuhanjiswa kungabangela uxinzelelo olunzulu lomzimba kwaye luphinde luvelise izimbalwa ezinobangela wokukhubazeka kwe-cerebral, njengeziganeko ze-cerebrovascular kunye ne-hypoxia.
Nondlo
Ezinye izondlo zondlo zingabangela ukukhubazeka kwe-cerebral. Ukunqongophala kwe-vitamin kunye ne-mineral, njenge-folic acid deficiency, kungabangela ingozi enkulu ekukhuleni kwengqondo. Ukulahleka kweekhalori ezibangelwa sisifo sokubeleka, ukungabikho kokutya okanye nayiphi na enye imbangela yendlala, kunokukunceda ekuphuhliseni ukukhubazeka kwengqondo.
Ukugula kakubi kweMaternal
Uninzi lwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo abafumana ukugula ngexesha lokukhulelwa banabantwana abasempilweni. Nangona kunjalo izifo ezifana nokuguqulwa kwengcinezelo yegazi, isifo, isifo sesibindi, isifo sesifo okanye isifo sesifo singabangela ukuphazamiseka ekunikezeni igazi, izondlo kunye ne-oksijini kwintsana ekhulayo.
Ezinye izifo zingenza izinto ezifana ne-bilirubin, i-ammonia okanye ezinye i-toxins ukuba zifake okanye zakha emzimbeni womntwana okhulayo, obangela ukulimala kwengqondo yomntwana.
Genetics
Indima yemfuza ye-genetic kwi-cerebral palsy ayicacanga ngokupheleleyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kuye kwacatshulwa ukuba i-heredity ingabangela uxanduva lwepesenti encinci yamatyala. Nangona kunjalo, uphando olutshanje lubonisa ukuba ukungaqhelekanga kwemfuyo kunokuba yimbangela yamatyala amaninzi okukhubazeka kwe-cerebral ngoko kwakucingwa ngaphambili.
Umzekelo wokufa komzimba we-cerebral palsy kukholelwa ukuba yi-autosomal ngokweqile, oko kuthetha ukuba ukuze imeko ibonakaliswe, umntwana ozuze ifa lohlobo lwe-cerebral palsy kufuneka azuze i-genetic defects kubazali bobabini, abangenayo impawu le meko ngokwabo.
Ezinye izinto ezingafaniyo zofuzo zifa, ngelixa ezinye ziyi-novo-zithetha ukuba zintsholongwane ezitsha zofuzo ezivela kumntwana onesifo sokugula ngengqondo okanye kwelinye labazali bomntwana ngaphandle kokuba abekho kwintsapho ngaphambili.
Ezinye iipatheni zofuzo ezinxulumene ne-cerebral palsy, ngokukodwa ngokuguquguquka kwezinto eziphilayo, ziquka ukuhluka kweenombolo ze-genomic. Ezi zigaba zeengqikithi ezingaphantsi kwaye ziphinda ziphosakele kwi-chromosome, ezibangela ukuphuhliswa kwesi sifo. Kuze kube ngoku, akukho gciwane elilodwa eliye lachongwa njenge-gene ejongene nokukhubazeka kwe-cerebral, kwaye abaphandi baye bafumana ubuninzi beemfuyo ezingabonakaliyo ezingabangela ukuba zimelele imeko.
Impilo yobungozi
Kukho izinto ezimbalwa zokuphila ezijongene nobungozi obunobungozi bokugula, kwaye ezi zizinto ezibeka umngcipheko ezinxulumene nokukhulelwa komama okanye ngexesha lokusebenza kunye nokuhanjiswa.
Ukusetyenziswa kweMadernal Usetyenziso
Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ngexesha nasiphi na isigaba sokukhulelwa kunokubangela ukukhubazeka kwe-cerebral palsy. Amanye amachiza afana ne-cocaine kunye ne-methamphetamine inokuchaphazela ukuhamba kwegazi kunye nomsebenzi wentliziyo yomama kunye nokuvelisa umntwana ngendlela eya kwandisa umngcipheko wesifo se-cerebrovascular kwiintsana ezingakazalwa okanye ngexesha lokubeleka nokuhanjiswa. Ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa kwandisa ukwanda kweengxaki zonyango ngexesha lokubambisa nokuhanjiswa.
Ingxube yeTyxin
Ezinye iziyeza ezinamandla azivunyelwe ukusetyenziswa ngexesha lokukhulelwa, njengoko zinokunyusa umngcipheko wemiphumo emibi yentsana, kubandakanya ukukhubazeka kwe-cerebral palsy.
Iibhoksi zendalo
Iimeko ezinobume bendalo, ezifana ne-cat litter, i-mercury, inkokheli, ezinye izihlambululi kunye neekhemikhali zoshishino, zinokutsalwa okanye zinyakanyiswe ngumfazi okhulelwe kwaye zingamfikelela ekuveliseni umzimba womntwana, ezibangela iingxaki zokuzalwa ezinjenge-cerebral palsy.
> Imithombo:
> Maclennan AH, Thompson SC, i-Gecz J. Ukukhubazeka kwebherebhu: izibangela, iindlela, kunye nendima yezinto eziphilayo. IJ Obstet Gynecol. 2015; 213 (6): 779-88.
> Zarrei M, i-Fehlings DL, i-Mawjee K, et al. I-Devovo kunye neenqabileyo ezinobunini beefowuni-yeefom e-hemiplegic ye-cerebral palsy. Genet Med. 2018; 20 (2): 172-180.