Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi lubonisa ingxaki ekhethekileyo kubemi base-Afrika nabamerika. Abantu baseMerika-baseMerika banesigxina esikhulu segazi. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, ukuxinzeleleka komfutho kumnyama kubakho ngokuqhelekileyo xa kuthelekiswa nolunye uhlobo lwentambo okanye amaqela eentlanga. Abantu base-Afrika baseMelika banamazinga aphakamileyo kwezinye izifo ezifana nokukhuluphala kunye nesifo sikashukela esenza ukuba nzima ukulawula ingozi.
Abantu abaninzi base-Afrika nabamaMerika abaneengcinezelo zegazi badinga imithi engaphezulu kweyodwa ukufikelela kwiinjongo zabo zengcinezelo yegazi.
Iziphakamiso zeJNC 8
IKomiti yeSizwe ehlangeneyo (i-JNC) 8 yiphaneli yeengcali eziye zahlaziya zonke ubungqina ezikhoyo ukuxhasa iingcebiso zonyango zengxinzelelo . Ukongezelela ekujonganeni nokunyanga kwengozi yempembelelo kubantu bonke, i-JNC 8 yenze iingcebiso ezithile malunga nokunyanga okungcono komfutho wexinzelelo kumnyama. Ubungqina obuthatyathwa yi-JNC8 bubandakanya ukulingwa kweekliniki ezingenakucwangciswa, ezibonelela ngenkxaso ephezulu kunokwenzululwazi.
Ngokubanzi, i-JNC 8 iphakanyise ukuba bonke abantu abanesifo esiphezulu abaneminyaka engama-60 okanye ngaphezulu kufuneka baphathwe ukufikelela kwiinjongo zengcinezelo yegazi ezingaphantsi kwama-150/90 mm Hg. Abantu abangaphantsi kwama-60 kufuneka bazame ukufikelela kwiinjongo zengcinezelo yegazi ezingaphantsi kwama-140/90 mm Hg. Nabani na onesifo sikashukela okanye isifo esingasasigxina sesifo esifanelekileyo kufuneka kwakhona agcine uxinzelelo lwegazi ngaphantsi kwama-140/90 mm Hg.
Iingcebiso Zonyango
Nangona i-JNC 8 icebisa ukuqala unyango nge-enzyme inhibitor yokuguqula i-angiotensin, i-angiotensin blocker receptor blocker, i-calcium channel blocker, okanye i-thiazide-uhlobo lwe-diuretic kubantu abangekho abamnyama, kukho ubungqina bokuba abantu abamnyama abanomfutho wegazi ophezulu, kuquka abo abanesifo sikashukela, kufuneka qalisa unyango nge- blocker ye- calcium okanye i-thiazide-type diuretic.
Abantu abamnyama abanesifo esingasigxina sesifo banokuqala unyango nge-inhibitor ye-angiotensin-guqula i-inhibitor okanye i-angiotensin blocker receptor, nokuba yedwa okanye idibene ne-calcium channel blocker okanye i-thiazide-type diuretic. I-ACEIs nee-ARB ziye zaboniswa kwezinye iinjongo zokuphucula iziphumo zeentso kwizigulane ezinesifo esingasigxina sesifo. Xa unyanga umfutho wegazi ophezulu kwizigulane, iingcebiso zeJNC 8 zithatha ingqalelo kwisisombululo esiphezulu sokunciphisa umonakalo kwizitho ezinjengezintso okanye intliziyo kwizigulane.
Kungenxa yokuba ii-ACEIs nee-ARB zisebenza kwinkqubo yokulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye nabase-Afrika abanomfutho wegazi ophezulu abanokuba neqondo eliphantsi lomsebenzi kule nkqubo, nto leyo eyenza iphendule kangangoko. Abantu baseMerika-baseMelika abanomfutho wegazi ophezulu banomdla wokungaqhelekanga kwegazi ngenxa yemigangatho ephantsi ye-nitric oxide yamakhemikhali.
Izinto ezinobungozi be-Hypertension kuma-Afrika-aseMelika kunye nabanye abantu
Ukukhathazeka koluhlaza kuyenzeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo kuma-Afrika-aseMelika. Oku kuthetha ngokunyuka kwexinzelelo legazi ngokuphendula ityuwa. Esinye isizathu sinokuthi uvakalelo lwetyuwa luqhelekileyo kubantu abagqithisileyo kwaye kukho ukuxhaphaka okukhulu kokunyanya kuninzi kubantu base-Afrika nabamaMerika.
Enyanisweni, omnye wesithandathu wase-Afrika-waseMerika uthathwa njengomntu ogqithiseleyo, ophindwe kabini inani elifaniswa nabafazi abamhlophe okanye abaseSpeyin. Ukunyamekela kubangelwa ukunganyangeki kumachiza asetyenziswa ukuphatha uxinzelelo lwegazi. Ingabangela ukugula kwe-apnea okanye ezinye iingxaki zokulala ezifaka isandla ekuphuhliseni umfutho wegazi ophezulu.
Ubunzima bokulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi
Ukongezelela ekubeni nobunzima obuninzi ngokulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi, abantu base-Afrika baseMerika abanomfutho wegazi ophezulu abaneempawu ezinxulumene nokuxinzeleleka kwengozi, kuquka isifo sikashukela, ukukhuluphala, kunye neengxaki ezinxulumene nomonakalo obangelwa ngumfutho wegazi ophezulu kwizitho ezifana neentso .
"Ukuxinzeleleka kwengcinezelo" kubhekisela kwingcinezelo yegazi engalawulwa ngokwaneleyo ngamachiza amathathu ahlukeneyo (kwiiklasi ezintathu ezichaseneyo, kuquka i- diuretic ).
Indlela yokuphila ebalulekileyo iinguqu ezifunekayo
Kukho ukhetho olubalulekileyo olufunekayo ukuba lube yinxalenye yoluphi uhlobo olunzulu lokuphatha ingozi yexinzelelo, ikakhulukazi kuma-Afrika-aseMerika abanzima ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi. Ezi ziquka ukutya okunotyuwa ophantsi, ukunyuka komzimba okwenyukayo, ukuthintela utywala kunye nokulahleka kwesisindo. Enyanisweni, ukutya kunokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi ngokubhekiselele kwonyango olulodwa. I-International Society kwi-Hypertension kubantu abamnyama icebisa ukuba bonke abantu base-Afrika baseMerika abanomfutho wegazi olungaphezu kwama-115/75 mm Hg baqala ukuguqulwa kwendlela yokuphila ukuze kuphuculwe ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo yokunyuka kwengozi kunye nesifo senhliziyo.