I-Toxic Rocket Fuel etholakala kwiSampuli yeLetesi yeHlabathi
Kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, ukuchithwa kwamanzi kwamanzi kuye kwaqwalaselwa ingxaki yendawo okanye yengingqi, kwaye iziphumo ezivela kwiQela lokuSebenza lokuSingqongileyo lenza umonakalo we-perchlorate umbandela kazwelonke wokukhathazeka-obangela isenzo esilawulayo kwi-Arhente yokuKhuselwa kweNdalo (EPA).
Uphando lubonise ukuba i-lettuce ekhulile kwiinyanga ezisezantsi nasebusika e-Southern California okanye e-Arizona ingaba nezinga eliphezulu lee-rocket zeprotected fuel, i-perchlorate kunokuba ithathwa njengekhuselekile yi-EPA ngokwemivavanyo yeebhoreji ezizimeleyo ezithunyelwa yiQela lokuSebenza (Environmental Working Group (EWG).
I-EWG ithi nje ngokutya i-lettuce, izigidi ezi-1.6 zamabhinqa zaseMerika zokuzala abantwana zazibonakaliswa kwimihla ngemihla yasebusika ukuze zenzeke ngaphezu kwe-dose ekhuselekileyo ye-EPA.
Ngokutsho kweengxelo zeendaba, iisampuli ze-lettuce ziqulethe ubuninzi be-perchlorate. Enye, eyayiyintlobo ekhethiweyo yemveliso yemifuno ehlanganisiwe, yayinomgangatho wokuhlambuluka kwamathambo angama-20 ephakamileyo kunokuba isixa-mali saseCalifornia sibheka ngokukhuselekileyo samanzi okusela. Amanye ayenayo i-perchlorate rates ephindwe kathathu ngaphezu kwezinga lezokuphepha laseCalifornia.
I-Perchlorate ingcola ekhoyo kwimimandla njengengxenye yamanye amaqumrhu afana ne-ammonium, i-potassium, okanye i-perchlorate ye-sodium. I-ammonium perchlorate yenziwe njengengxube-okongeziweyo yomoya-okhethiweyo kwi-rockets, iibhola kunye nemisebenzi yomlilo.
Kwiimvavanyo ze-perchlorate kwimveliso yesitolo, iipesenti ezingama-18 zeeselesi iisampuli ziqulethwe ngamanqanaba athathekayo, kwaye i-lettuce engcolileyo isineenkcukacha ezine-perchlorate ngaphezu kwe-EPA ithi ikhuselekile kumanzi okusela.
Umthombo we-perchlorate, ngokubhekiselele kwi-EWG, inokwenzeka ukuba uMlambo waseColorado, onamanzi angcoliswe ngamaprochlorate ancinca ama-acre angama-1.4 million eCalifornia nase-Arizona.
Iimvavanyo ze-EWG kwimveliso yokuthengiswa ziqinisekisile uphando oludlulileyo kwizityalo zelitroce ezikhulayo ezikhulayo kunye ne-lettuce, i-kale kunye nesipinashi.
"Iziphumo zethu kunye neemvavanyo zangaphambili zibonisa ukuba i-rocket fuel fuel is hhayi nje ingxaki yengingqi kwiindawo apho amanzi okusela ahlambulukile, kodwa ukukhathazeka kazwelonke kumntu wonke odla i-lettuce yasebusika," kusho uRenee Sharp, umhlalutyi ophezulu kwi-ofisi ye-EWG yaseCalifornia. umbhali-mbhali wengxelo. "
I-Perchlorate, i-explosive component ye-rocket ne-fuel missile, inokuchaphazela i-thyroid gland ukukwazi ukwenza i- hormone ebalulekileyo. Kwiimfesane, iintsana nabantwana, ukuphazamiseka kwamazinga e-hormone ye-thyroid kunokubangela ukuba i-IQ iyancipha, ukulahlwa kwengqondo, ukulahlekelwa kweentetho kunye nokuthetha, kunye nokulahleka kwezakhono.
I-Perchlorate iyangcolisa imithombo yamanzi angaphezulu kwama-500 ekusela amanzi, ikhonza abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-20. Phakathi kwemithombo engcolileyo i-Colorado River, engaboneleli kuphela amanzi okusela eLos Angeles, ePhoenix, eLas Vegas nakwezinye iidolophu, kodwa unkcenkceshela iipesenti ezingama-70 zesihlunu sesizwe esakhula ukususela ngo-Okthobha ukuya kuMatshi. Kwimizuzu e-15 ehamba phambili ehamba phambili e-US, 10 eyaziwa okanye ekhankanya imithombo yokungcoliseka komzimba.
Ngethuba elifanayo, ngelixa uninzi lwe-perchlorate contamination kuwo wonke umhlaba uvela kwiziseko zempi okanye izityalo eziqhutywe yiinkampani zokhuseleko zentambo, i-White House yabuza iCongress ukuba ikhuphe izibonelelo zokukhusela kwimimiselo yemimiselo yendalo, kuquka ukucocwa kwenkunkuma yetyhefu.
USen. Barbara Boxer, D-Calif., Kunye neSen Sen State Nell Soto, D-Ontario, ngasinye siqalise iibill eziya kufuna ukuba bonke abadlulayo kunye nabanokuthi bahlaziye i-perchlorate polluters baveze ukusebenzisa kwabo, indlela yokulahlwa kunye nembali yokuvuza.
Malunga nePerchlorate
Ixhala malunga ne-perchlorate sele ijikeleze ukususela ngo-1997.
I-Perchlorate iyaphazamisa iodide ekufuneni kwi-thyroid gland. Ngenxa yokuba iodide iyimfuneko ebalulekileyo yehomoni ye-thyroid, i-perchlorate iyaphazamisa indlela i-thyroid eyenziwa ngayo. Kubantu abadala, i-thyroid inceda ukulawula umthambo. Kubantwana, i-thyroid ineyona indima enkulu ekuphuhliseni kakuhle ngokubhekiselele kumetabolism.
Ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi we-thyroid kubamama abalindele kunokuchaphazela umntwana kunye nosana kwaye kubangele imiphumo kuquka ukuguquka kokuziphatha, ukuphuculwa kwentuthuko nokunciphisa ukukwazi ukufunda.
Utshintsho kumazinga e-hormone ye-thyroid lungakhokelela kwi-thyroid gland tumors. Uhlalutyo lwe-EPA lwesifo soqhekeza kukuba ukuphazamiseka kwe-perchlorate ye-iodide ukufunyanwa ngumcimbi osisiseko okhokelela ekutshintsheni ekuphuhliseni okanye ekwakheni i-tumor.
Ngokutsho kwe-California Environmental Protection Agency, uphando lubonisa ukuba i-perchlorate iphazamisa ukuveliswa kwe-hormone ye-thyroid, okubangelwa kwi- hypothyroidism kunye neenqabileyo, izicubu ze- thyroid. Umngcipheko omkhulu kunabesetyhini abakhulelwe, abantwana kunye nabantu abaneengxaki zempilo okanye izimo ze-thyroid.
I-EPA Drivers Towards Perchlorate Standards
Ukuqaphela ingozi ye-perchlorate, i-EPA ibiqeshise i-compound njengento engcolileyo. I-ejensi ichaza iindlela ze-toxin emzimbeni womntu kwaye ibeka imilinganiselo yolu hlobo lokungcola. Isenzo sokulawula siyaqhubeka nokuphuhlisa ukujikelezwa kwendawo yokusingqongileyo ekutshintsheni iindawo zombuso kunye namazwe.