Izithako ezivimbela i-UVB Radiation
Iimveliso zelanga zibalulekileyo iimveliso ezisetyenziselwa ukuthintela ukushisa kwelanga, ukuchithwa kwezithombe kunye nomhlaza wesikhumba. Kuze kube kutshanje, bekukholelwa ukuba ukuvimbelwa kwemitha ye-UVB kunye nokushisa kwelanga kwakuyodwa imilinganiselo efunekayo ukukhusela ukulimala kwelanga. Isalathiso seSSPF senziwa ukulinganisela amandla okukhanya kwelanga ukuvimbela ukukhanya kwe-UVB. Ngoku siyazi ukuba i-radiation UVA nayo ibangela kakhulu umonakalo wesikhumba.
Ngenxa yokuba i-SPF ingumlinganiselo wokukhuselwa kwe-UVB, izithako ziyahluka phakathi kwesikrini selanga esithatha imitha ye-UVB kunye nomnye owanikezela ngokubanzi-okanye i-UVA kunye ne-UVB. Ezi zithako zamachiza eziqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa i-sunscreens ukuba zithathe imitha ye-UVB kuphela .
PABA
I-PABA , okanye i- para-aminobenzoic acid , yeza kwiimarike e-United States ekuqaleni kwawo-1970 kwaye yayiyindawo yokuqala yokukhanya kwelanga eyayisetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Nangona kunjalo, i-allergen eyaziwa kwaye sele isuswe kwiinkqubo ezininzi. Ayisoloko isetyenziswe kwii-sunscreens zamhlanje.
- Izinzuzo: I- PABA iyanamathela kwiiseli kwi-epidermis, igcine ihlamba emanzini okanye ihlaselwe ngelawula.
- Iingxaki: Kubangele ukuphazamiseka komzimba kwiindawo ezi-4 zeprogram kwaye kubonakalisa izambatho.
PABA Esters
I- PABA ester kuphela evunywe yi-FDA yokusetyenziswa eUnited States i- Padimate O , eyaziwa ngokuba yi- octyl dimethyl PABA .
Olu hlobo lusekhompyutheni olufana ne-PABA, kodwa aluyikrakra. Ngaphandle kokuba i-PABA-free sunscreens yaphuhliswa, ukugqithiswa kwePadimate O kuye kwancipha ngokukhawuleza. Isibandezelo O sisaphila kwezinye iitshitshi zelanga ngoba zisetyenziselwa nezinye iikhemikhali ukwenyusa i-SPF yemveliso.
- Iingenelo: Unqabile amanzi kwaye ayinxibe impahla.
- Iingxaki: Kuyaziwa ngokubangela ukuphendulwa komzimba.
Imiqhina
Ama- cinnamates , i- Octyl methoxycinnamate kunye ne- cinoxate , awona maqhosha asetyenziswa yi-UVB e-United States. Zivame ukufumaneka kwizonyiso ezineenkalo ze-SPF.
- Iingenelo: Ziyi-UVB ezinamandla. Xa zidibaniswe kunye neekhemikhali "ezincinci", zinceda ukwenza ezo ziikhemikhali zikwazi ukumelana namanzi kwaye zizinzile.
- Iingxaki: Ziyakucasula. Abantu abanomdla kwi-balsam yasePeru, i-tolu balsam, amaqabunga e-coca, i-aldehyde ye-cinnamic kunye neoli ye-cinnamic banokuthi banokukhathalela ama-cinnamates.
Salicylates
I- salicylates i- homicenthyl salicylate , i- octyl salicylate , kunye ne- triethanolamine salicylate . Ama-Salicylates asetyenziswe ixesha elide, nangaphambi kwePABA. I-sallamlate ye-Trolamine yunqabileyo yamanzi, ngoko isetyenziswa rhoqo kwimveliso yeenwele ezikhusela i-UV emisebe. I-Homosalate yikhemikhali i-FDA isebenzisa njengomgangatho wokulinganisa i-SPF.
- Iingenelo: Ziyakwazi ukumelana namanzi kwaye zizinzile phambi kobusuku.
- Iingxaki: Ziyakhusela inxalenye encinci yembonakalo ye-UVB, ngoko kufuneka isetyenziswe kwiziphumo eziphezulu.
I-octocrylene
I-octocrylene isetyenziselwa ukuzinzisa i-avobenzone, i-UVA absorber, kwaye ikhona ngokukodwa kwimveliso engekho-comedogenic.
Ngenye yezinto ezimbalwa ze-UV ezingasetyenziselwa kwi-gel zelanga.
- Iingenelo: Akunqweneli ukucaphukisa isikhumba.
- Iingxaki: Kufuneka zidibaniswe nezinye izihlunu ze-UV ukwenzela ukuba zizinzile kwaye zibiza kakhulu ukuvelisa.
Ensulizole
I-Ensulizole okanye i- PBSA i-soluble yamanzi, ngoko isetyenziselwa ezininzi zokunyumba. Yenza umsebenzi omhle wokuthintela imitha ye-UVB, kodwa ayivimbeli nayiphi na imitha ye-UVA. Izihlunu ze-UVB ezibhalwe apha ngasentla zivimba ixabiso elincinci le-UVVA.
- Iingenelo: Kungafaneki kubangele ukucaphukisa isikhumba.
- Iingxaki : Ikhupha iqela elincinci le-UV.
Imithombo:
Lautenschlager, S, HC Wulf kunye noM MR Pittelkow. "Ukukhusela iifoto," iLancet. 370 (2007): 528-37.
Nguyen, Nathalie, noDarrell Rigel. "Ukukhuselwa kwamaphepha kunye nokukhusela i-Photocarcinogenesis." UkuQulunqiswa koBuncwane beMveliso yoKhuseleko. Ed. Zoe Draelos noLauren Thamon. ENew York: Taylor kunye noFrancis, 2006. 156-9.
I-Palm, MD, kunye noMN O'Donoghue. "Ukuhlaziywa kwi-photoprotection." Dermatol Ther. 20 (2007): 360-76.