Igama eliqhagamshelana nomzimba lufomathiweyo "ye-agent agent esebenzayo", umntu osebenza ngokugqithisileyo yikhemikhali ezinzisa ukuxuba i-oyile kunye namanzi ngokunciphisa uxinzelelo lomhlaba kwi-interface phakathi kweoli nee-molecule zamanzi. Ngenxa yokuba amanzi kunye neoli akuyikuchithwa komnye nomnye, umntu otyunjwayo kufuneka adibaniswe kumxube ukuwugcina ukuhlula kwiindawo.
Abaqhambukayo kwizonyango banikela omnye okanye ngaphezulu kwemisebenzi emithandathu:
- Iimpawu zokucoca
- Amanxiwa adibeneyo kwiimvume
- Iimpawu eziphoqayo zokuhlambalaza
- Abaxumi bee-emulsifiers kwizikram
- Iimpawu ezixhasayo kwiimveliso zesikhumba kunye neenwele
- Izixazululi zeengqungquthela kunye neeram
Iintlobo
Umtsalane: Ukucocela abaqhagamshelana nabo kubandakanya amasepha kunye neentsimbi ezibekwe elukhumbeni okanye kwizinwele zokucoca. Ezi ziqhumane ziza kufaka ioli kwi-agent. Emva koko, xa umntu osebenza ngokugqithisileyo ehlanjululwa xa ephethe ioli, ioli iyahlanjululwa kunye namanzi.
Ama-foaming agents: Iimveliso ezininzi ezinjengezihlambululi okanye i-shampoos zivame ukufumaneka kwifom ye-foam ngokuchasene nefom ye-liquid. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuba abathengi bavame ukukhetha ukubunjwa kwe-foam, nangona into yokuba i-foam ayinanto enokuyenza ngayo kunye nokukwazi ukuhlambulula. Omnye umzekelo wokuhlamba ubuso obunamanzi yi-Cetaphil ye-Oil Control Control Foaming Face Wash.
I-agent ye-agent esebenzayo ivumela ukuba umkhiqizo uhlale njengentsiba ngokuchasene nokuwa phantsi kwefom ye-liquid. Ezinye iimithi ezinjengeengqungquthela ezifana ne-steroids ze-topic (isib. I-Olux foam) okanye i-minoxidil ye-topic nayo ikhona kwi-formulation foam. Ngamanye amaxesha ama-formulations ama-foam ayethandwa zizigulane xa usebenzisa iyeza kwi-scalp.
Izimulsifiers: I- emulsions ixutyushwa ngamafutha kunye namanzi azinzileyo kwaye ahluke kwiindawo zazo zeoli kunye namanzi. Umqhubi osebenzayo uvumela i-emulsion ukuba ibe nekhwalithi ehambelana kakuhle. Imizekelo yeemulsion iyanciphisa ama-creams kunye nama-lotion . Abathengi ngokubanzi bathanda ama-moisturizers ukuba abe nempahla eqhelekileyo ngokuchasene neendlela zeoli kunye namanzi okanye nje ioli ngokwayo. Xa isetyenziswe kwesikhumba, ioli "ihanjiswa" kwesikhumba.
Iimpawu zengxowa-mboleko: Ama-agent agqithisekayo afaka "ikhefu" iimveliso zesikhumba kunye neenwele ezinjengeenkcukacha zezinwele . Emva kokusebenzisa i-conditioner yeenwele, umkhiqizo uhlala kwizinwele, uzinike uvakalelo olusisigxina ngenxa yengxenye ye-lipophilic (oily) ye-molecule.
Izixazululi: Iingqapheli zingasetyenziselwa ukulungiswa xa zama ukuzama ukudibanisa inani elincinci leoli kwindawo eninzi yamanzi. Umzekelo wemveliso uquka i- colognes, i-perfumes, kunye ne-toner ye-skin .
I-Makeup Makeup ye-Chemical Surfactant
Ekubeni ama-surfactants agxininisa ukuxubeka kweoli kunye namanzi, bobabini bane-hydrophilic ("abanothando ngamanzi") kunye namaqela e-lipophilic ("othando lweoli"). Ukuba zombini la maqela wenza ukuba umntu osebenza ngokugqithisileyo aphumelele. Iqumrhu le-hydrophilic livumela ukuba umntu otyunjwayo azinqunyulwe ngamanzi ngelixa iqela le-hydrophobic livumela ukuba i-agent efakwe kwi-othefactant ibe yunqabile kwioli.
> Imithombo:
> Friesbach U, Erasmy J. "Abangqapheliyo kunye neeNkqubo eziHloniphekileyo zeZityalo zeNdalo kunye nezeMvelo." I-SOFW-Journal . 138: 2012.
> Rieger M, Rhein LD. Abangama-Surfactants kwi-Cosmetics . Uluhlu lwe sibini. I-CRC Press. 1997.
> Romanowski, Perry. "Abangqingili bezongqongqangi - INgqungquthela yamaChemist Cosmetic." Amakhemistre.