Ngaba unyango luya kuba khona xa uludinga?
I-Medicare inokuba yinkxalabo. Ngokweengxelo ze-2016, i-Medicare Trust Fund iya kukhutshwa ngemali ngowe-2028, iminyaka emibini ngaphambi kweengqamaniso ezenziwe ngo-2015. Ngaba oku kuya kuphuma eMerika ngaphandle kokunakekelwa kwempilo xa bekhula?
Indlela i-Medicare Trust Fund isebenza ngayo
I-Fundare ye-Medicare Hospital Insurance Trust ixhasa i- Medicare Part A. Le nxalenye ye-Medicare ihlawulela ukunakekelwa kwezibhedlele ezingapheliyo kunye ne-hospice.
Kubantu abaphuma kwisibhedlele, ikwabalalisa ukuhlala kwexesha elifutshane kwiindawo zokulalisa abanezakhono okanye, njengenye indlela abantu abakhetha ukungena kwiziko, iinkonzo zempilo zonyango.
Uninzi lwaseMerika aluhlawuli i-premium yenyanga nganye yeCandelo A, nangona baya kuhlawula iinqununu, u-coinsurance, kunye neentlawulo zeenkonzo zokunikezelwa. Iimali-ntlawulo zikhululekile kubantu abaye banikela iigumbi ezingama-40 (iminyaka eyi-10) okanye ngaphezulu kwiirhafu zokuhlawula i-Medicare ngaphezu kobomi babo. Baye bahlawula isabelo sabo esilungileyo kwinkqubo, kwaye umsebenzi wabo onzima uphinde uthole imali yokufumana i -premium-free for their spouse .
Abantu abaye basebenza ngaphantsi kweekota ezingama-40, ngakolunye uhlangothi, baya kuhlawulwa i-premium yenyanga kunye neerandi zongeza ngokukhawuleza. ISahlulo se-A premium kubantu abasebenza phakathi kwee-30 ne-39 kwikota i-$ 226 ngenyanga (i-$ 3,192 ngonyaka) ngo-2016. Kwabo basebenza ngaphantsi kwama-30 kwikota, iindleko zanda kwi-411 yenyanga ngenyanga (i-$ 4,932 ngonyaka).
Imali eqokelelwe kwiirhafu kunye neeprisimenti zenza i-Medicare Trust Fund. Ezi iidola zingenako ukwanela ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zoLuntu olukhulayo lwe-Medicare ngo-2029.
Impembelelo ye-Babyhood Boomers
I-United States Census Bureau yabika ukuzalwa kwezigidi ezingama-72,5 phakathi kowe-1946 no-1964, okubizwa ngokuba yi-baby boom.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, inani le-baby boomers liya kuhlala likholelwa kwimvelo. Khawucinge ukuba akubona bonke abantwana be-baby boomers abaya kuphila kwiminyaka engama-65 ubudala kwaye "i-new" boomers kweli qela leminyaka liya kungena kweli lizwe ngokufuduka. Kukho konke okucatshangelwayo, kulinganiselwa ukuba ama-8 000 ukuya ku-10 000 aseMelika ajika iminyaka engama-65 ubudala kwaye uya kwenza njalo ngo-2029. Ngo-2029, kulindelwe ukuba i-20 ekhulwini labantu base-United States baya kufaneleka kwi-Medicare.
Hayi kuphela amawaka abantu abafikelela kwi- Medicare yobudala imihla ngemihla kodwa ukuhlala kwexesha lokuphila kuqhubeka. Ulawulo loKhuseleko loLuntu lubeka ithuba lokuphila iminyaka engama-84.3 kunye ne-86.6 iminyaka yamadoda kunye nabasetyhini, ngokulandelanayo. Njengoko abantu baphila ixesha elide, banako ukuphuhlisa iingxaki zonyango. Ingaphezulu kweyesithathu yabantu abaphakathi kweminyaka yobudala engama-65 no-84 banesibini ubuncinane kwiimeko zonyango ezingapheliyo. Ingaphezulu kwekota kuzo ziya kuba ezine ukuya ezintlanu.
Abantu abaninzi abahlala ixesha elide bathetha iingxaki ezininzi zonyango kunye neendleko eziphezulu. Ingaba i-Medicare Trust Fund iya kukwazi ukuqhubeka?
Iindleko zeMpilo yeziThili ezingapheliyo
Njengoko inani lezonyango ezingapheliyo liyakhuphuka, amaziko e-Medicare kunye neeNkonzo zeMedicaid (CMS) azisa ukusetyenziswa okuphezulu kwezibonelelo zonyango, kuquka ukutyelelwa kwamagumbi okuphuthuma, ukutyelela i-ofisi, ukuvakashelwa kwezempilo ekhaya, ukuvakaliswa kwezibhedlele ezingenasifo, ukufundwa kwezibhedlele, nokubhala iinkonzo ezinonophelo ezifana nokuvuselelwa kunye nokonyango .
Ngokomyinge, i-Medicare Part A isebenzisa i-$ 13,000 ngomntu ngamnye kodwa iindleko zinokuba lukhulu kubaxhamli. Abaxhamli be-Medicare banokuhlawula imali engama-5,700 e-out-of-pocket ngamnye ngonyaka xa baneemeko ezimbini ukuya kwethathu. Lelo nani liphindwe kabini kwi $ 12,000 kwiimeko ezine ukuya kweyesihlanu kwaye likhuphukela kuma-32,000 kwiimfuno ezintandathu okanye ngaphezulu.
Ukubanjiswa ndawonye, ezi zinto ziza kuphuhlisa i-Medicare Trust Fund ngesantya sokungafanisi needola ezizayo. Ukuba iMedareri iphuma ngemali, ngaba abahlali abadala bayakukwazi njani ukufumana unyango lwempilo xa sele benamathela kwi-bill?
Iziphakamiso zokuGcina i-Medicare
Ukuba i-Medicare iya kukunyamekela abadala baseMerika ekuhambeni kwexesha, into iya kuguqulwa.
Iingcamango malunga nendlela yokufeza le nto ziye zaphikisana kwaye zibandakanya oku kulandelayo:
- Ukunciphisa indlela uMatherapy ehlawula ngayo oogqirha kunye nezibhedlele. Ufikeleleko lwempilo yolondolozo luyinkxalabo enkulu kule siphakamiso. Ngaba oogqirha abambalwa babeza kufumana i- Medicare ngenkokhelo ukuba babecinga ukuba abayi kuhlawulwa kakuhle? Njengoko limi, kukho ukusalela ngogqirha okwenzekayo ngenxa yezimali ezingenamkhawulo kwi-Medicare ukuxhasa uqeqesho logqirha.
- Nciphisa inzuzo yeMedare. Akukho mntu ufuna ukuhlawula umlinganiselo ofanayo ubuncinane. Njengoko limi, abantu abaninzi bathi uMgudu awugubungele ngokwaneleyo . Ngokomzekelo, i-Medicare ayifihla iindleko zokulungisa iilensi , amazinyo, okanye izixhobo zokuvalelwa ngeendlebe nangona izinto eziqhelekileyo ezenzekayo njengoko sisineminyaka ubudala ziguquka kwimibono, impilo yezinyo, nokuva. Oku kushiya abaninzi baseMerika bengenazo iinkonzo zempilo ezisisiseko abazifunayo.
- Ukwandisa iminyaka yokufaneleka kweMedare. AmaRiphabhlikhi anjengeSenjenja uPaul Ryan baye bathetha ukunyusa izinga le-Medicare iminyaka engama-67. Nangona oku kuya kunciphisa inani labantu abafanelekayo kwi-Medicare kunanoma yimuphi unyaka onikezelweyo, oku kuya kubeka umthwalo kubantu abadala ukuba bakhokhele izicwangciso ze-inshurensi zamashishini abucala. Oku kunokuchaphazela kuphela ukugcinwa kwabantu kodwa xa abadala bekwazi ukufumana umhlalaphantsi.
- Ukwandisa iindleko ezingaphandle kweefowuni zabaxhamli. Ukwandiswa kwama-premium ama-premium, i-deductibles, i-coinsurance, okanye i-copayments inokukunceda ukuxhasa i-Medicare Trust Fund i-dollar-wise kodwa ingaba abadala bayayithenga? Uninzi lwabadala luhlala kwingeniso engenangqiqo njengoko kunjalo kunye neendleko zokunakekelwa kwempilo zihamba ngokungahambisani.
- Ukwandisa iirhafu zomrhumo weMedare. Iirhafu ezingaphezulu? Yiloo nto uMongameli uRonald Reagan akwenza ngayo ngoMthetho we-1988 we - Medicare Disastrophic Disorder Act . Umthetho uhlose ukongeza inzuzo yeziyobisi zonyango kunye nokukhusela abadala kwiindleko zezempilo eziyingozi emva kokubhedlelelwa kwezibhedlele, kodwa umthetho wanyuswa phakathi nonyaka ngenxa yokungabikho koluntu ngenkxaso kunye nenkqubela ngokumalunga nokuhlaselwa kweerhafu. Ngaba abantu baseMerika baya kuziva behluke ngokunyuka kwamaxabiso namhlanje?
Ingxaki ezininzi kwezi ziphakamiso kukuba zishintsha ngakumbi kunye neendleko kubanini abadala abasele bahlala kwimali engenayo. Njengoko limi, iintlawulo zeNtlalontle zentlalo zithe cwaka. Ngaphandle kokunyuka kweNdleko yokuHlala kweMpilo (COLA) kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo, abadala basebenzelekile ukuba batyula iidola zabo.
Isibhengezo se-CMS sokuba i-Medicare Trust Fund ingahlawulwa kwisithuba seminyaka emashumi isicatshulwa esicacileyo. Abantu abadala baseMerika basengozini enkulu yokulahlekelwa ukufikelela kwimpilo xa bekhulile kwaye badinga kakhulu. Ngoku ukuba sibona ingxaki esondele ngokukhawuleza, sinokuyifumana njani? Kungcono, kunjalo, sinokusombulula njani? Iimpendulo zokunyuka kwengxoxo kodwa enye into icacile: Ukuguqulwa kwempilo yoncedo kufuna ukuba yinto ephambili yelizwe kwaye ngoku.
> Imithombo:
> IiBhodi zeTrasti zeNtshurensi yeziBhedlele zeSibhedlele kunye ne-Federal Supplementary Medical Assurance Fund. 2016 Ingxelo Yonyaka . https://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/ReportsTrustFunds/Downloads/TR2016.pdf. Ishicilelwe ngoJuni 22, 2016.
> Izibalo: Ukulindela Ubomi. Iwebhusayithi yoLawulo loKhuseleko loLuntu. https://www.ssa.gov/planners/lifeexpectancy.html.
Imibandela engapheliyo phakathi kwabaxhamli be-Medicare, iChartbook: i-2012 Edition. Amasebe e-Medicare ne-Medicaid Services website. https://www.cms.gov/research-statistics-data-and-systems/statistics-trends-and-reports/chronic-conditions/downloads/2012chartbook.pdf.
> Colby SL, Ortman JM. I-Baby Boom Cohort e-United States: ngo-2012 ukuya ku-2060 . Meyi 2014; P25-1141. https://www.census.gov/prod/2014pubs/p25-1141.pdf.