Unokuthunyelwa kwintetho yeengcali, okanye ngokuthethiweyo ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-pathologist language language (SLP), ngenxa yeengxaki ezahlukeneyo. I-SLP inokunceda ukuphatha iingxaki ezinxulumene nentetho, ukuva, nokugwinya. Ingakumbi i-SLP inokukunceda ukuhlola nokunyanga:
- Ukuqhaqhaqhafaza - ukubetha kunye nokuqhafaza
- Intetho - intetho
- Ulimi - ubuchule nokuqonda kokuthetha nolwimi olubhaliweyo
- Ukuqonda - ukunakwa, imemori, ukukwazi ukucombulula iingxaki
- Iimpawu - Iimpawu zethoni yezwi
- Uphicotho-zincwadi kunye nokuPhicothwa kweeNcwadi zoPhicotho - iindlela zokubuyiselwa ezinxulumene nentetho, ukuva nokuvalelwa kweelwimi
- Ukuphazamiseka kwezibandezelo - ukuphazamiseka kwesifo kunye neengxaki zomntwana
- Ezinye iinkonzo - ezinye iiprogram ziza kusebenza ngokukodwa kwezinye iinkonzo kubandakanya: ukuphuhlisa izwi lolwazi, ukugqamisa okanye ulwimi lokuguqulwa, i-transgender izwi, ukuguqulwa kwamashishini kunye nokuhlambuluka kwezwi
Uluhlu olungezantsi, uya kufumana ezinye zezonyango eziza kusebenzisa i-SLP ukuphatha ezinye zezifo eziqhelekileyo zokuthetha intetho.
Itheyibha yeNtetho yeeLate Talkers
Ukuba umntwana wakho okanye umntwana kufuneka akhulume ngoku kodwa akakho, unokuthunyelwa kwintetho yonyango. Umgqirha uya kuzama izinto ezahlukeneyo ukukhuthaza umntwana wakho ukuba athethe, kuquka ukudlala naye. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukubambelela umdlalo ozithandayo uze ufune umntwana ukuba ukhulume, kodwa oku kuxhomekeke kwimeko.
Kwabanye abantwana, ezinye iintlobo zonxibelelwano, ezifana nolwimi lwezandla okanye amakhadi omfanekiso, zingeniswa. Iingcali zeengxoxo zingabhekisela umntwana wakho ukuvavanya okunye, njengemvavanyo yokuva ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Ulwaphulo lweNtetho yabantwana abane-Apraxia
Abantwana abane-apraxia banzima ukuthetha ezinye iibllabha okanye ukwenza izandi ezithile.
Umntwana wakho uyazi oko afuna ukukusho, kodwa akubonakali ukuphuma kakuhle. Iingcali zeengxoxo zifanelekile ukuvavanya abantwana nge-apraxia ngokusebenzisa iimvavanyo eziliqela, kubandakanywa:
- Ukuhlola ngomlomo-mvavanyo ukujonga ubuthathaka obumama emlonyeni, emlonyeni okanye ngolwimi
- Iingoma zokuvavanya intetho ngexesha apho uphando luphulaphule ukuba lubone ukuba luyakwazi ukunyanzelisa ngokufanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana kunye nokusebenzisa i-pitch kunye nekhefu kwindawo efanelekileyo kwisivakalisi
- Uvavanyo oluvakalayo lwentetho oluthe wachaza indlela umntwana angakwazi ngayo ukuvakalisa izandi, kuquka ii-vowels, iinconon and combination combination. Oku kubandakanya ukuqikelela indlela abanye abakwazi ngayo ukuqonda intetho yengxoxo yomntwana
Ukuba umntwana wakho ufumaneka ukuba une-apraxia, mhlawumbi baya kufuneka unyango lwentetho kwisinye isihlandlo ngamanye amaxesha ngeveki. Olu hlobo lonyango luya kuba lunzulu lokuthetha intetho yabo. Ingcali iya kuzama ukukunceda umntwana wakho aqonde ingxelo ephicothwayo kunye neengcamango ezibonakalayo okanye eziphathekayo. Enye indlela umgqirha angenza ngayo oku kukuba umntwana wakho abukeke ngokwawo kwisibuko ngelixa ethetha, okanye abhale phantsi bathetha bebe beyidlala. Abantwana abaninzi banandipha oku. Ekubeni unyango oluyimpumelelo lwe-apraxia lubandakanya ixesha elininzi kunye nokuzibophezela, ugqirha wakho unokukunika "izabelo" ukuzisebenzisa nomntwana wakho ekhaya.
Ulwaphulo lweNtetho yokuHluma
Ukubetha kuyinkathazo edla ngokuqhubekayo ebuntwaneni kodwa inokukhula ngexesha lomdala. Ukubetha kudla ngokubhekiswa njengoluhlobo lweengxaki zokuziphatha. Iingcali zeentetho ziya kuzama ukufundisa umntwana wakho okhangela izixhobo zokuguqula indlela yokuziphatha, ezo ziza kunceda ukulawula ukubetha kwazo. Indlela eqhelekileyo engasetyenziselwa umntwana wakho ukubafundisa ukulawula izinga lokuthetha, ekubeni ukuthetha ngokukhawuleza kunokwenza ukugqithisa kuninzi kwabanye abantu. Ukusebenzisa intetho ngokukhawuleza, ngendlela ecacileyo kunokunceda. Kwakhona kunokuba luncedo ukuqaphela ukuphefumula.
Ngaphandle kwentsholongwane, abantu ababethekayo bangadinga iiseshoni zokulandelela kunye neengcali zabo zokuthetha ukuze bagcine ingxaki.
Uthando lweNtetho ngeAphasia
I-Aphasia yimeko ebangela ukuba kunzima ukuthetha ngenxa yendlela ethile yomonakalo kwengqondo. Le meko ingabandakanya ubunzima bokuphulaphula, ukufunda nokubhala. I-Aphasia iyenzeka kubantu abaninzi abadala emva kokuba baye bafumana unxephezelo . Iingcali zeengxoxo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekufumaneni i-aphasia ngokuvavanya abantu abakwaziyo ukuqonda abanye, bazivakalise, baze batye. Kukho izinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo onokuthi unxibelelwano lwentetho lwenze ntoni ukunceda umntu onama-aphasia, kuquka:
- ukubetha ukuphucula izakhono ezithile zolwimi
- iqela lokunyanga ukuphucula izakhono zokuthetha
- imiqondiso kunye nokubhala ukunyusa izakhono zabo zokunxibelelana
Ulwaphulo lweNtetho yokuLungisa ubunzima
Umntwana wakho unokufumana ubunzima bokugwinya izizathu ezahlukeneyo. Ingcali yomnxibelelwano inokukunceda umntwana wakho ugxume ubunzima ngokubancedisa ngokuzivocavoca ukwenza umlomo wakhe ube namandla, ukwandisa ukunyusa ulwimi, nokuphucula ukuhlafuna. Ingcali yomlomo ingenza iingcebiso malunga nokuvumelana kokutya. Kwiintsana, intetho yonyango inokukunceda ekuququzeleleni umzekelo wakhe wokunyuka-ukugwinya.
Njengoko kuthethwe ngaye ngaphambili zizinto ezithile kuphela ezenziwa yintetho yomlomo. Kukho ezinye iimeko kunye nezindlela ezisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya abo banesidingo.
> Imithombo:
> Aphasia. I-website ye-American Talk-Language-Hearing Association. http://www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/Aphasia/. Ukufikeleleka ngomhla ka-12/29/2017
> Ubuntwana be-Apraxia yeNtetho. I-website ye-American Talk-Language-Hearing Association. http://www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/ChildhoodApraxia/. Ukufikeleleka ngomhla ka-12/29/2017.
> Ukutya nokuThatshazwa (Dysphagia) kuBantwana. I-website ye-American Talk-Language-Hearing Association. http://www.asha.org/public/speech/swallowing/Feeding-and-Swallowing-Disorders-in-Children/ Kufumaneka ngomhla we-12/29/2014.
> Ukubetha. I-website ye-American Talk-Language-Hearing Association. http://www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/stuttering.htm. Ukufikeleleka ngomhla ka-12/29/2017.
> Ubume beZenzo kwiNtetho yokuLungisa uLwimi. I-website ye-American Talk-Language-Hearing Association. http://www.asha.org/policy/SP2016-00343/. Ukuhlaziywa ngo-2016. Kufumaneka ngomhla ka-12/29/2017.