Sonke siyazi ukuba ii-ambulensi zisabela kwiifowuni ezingu-911 , zijikeleza kwisitalato zikhala kunye nezibane ezikhanyayo. Abagadi be-paramedics basendleleni yokulondoloza ubomi. Xa befika kwindawo, baya kuthatha ukulawula imeko kwaye bafumane isisombululo kwiingxaki. Isigulane siya kugcinwa kwaye sithunyelwe kwisebe elingxamisekileyo ukunyamekela.
Kukho imifanekiso emininzi yee-ambulensi kumaphephandaba. Iiparamedics kunye neengcali zezobisi zongxamisekileyo (EMTs) zivame ukubonakaliswa njengabahlanguli kwimeko engxamisekileyo. Kodwa ukuphatha ingxamisekileyo akuyona yodwa indlela yokuphazamiseka kwee- paramedics kunye ne-EMTs inxaxheba ekunakekelweni kwezempilo. Enyanisweni, mhlawumbi akuyona indlela eqhelekileyo abayinyamekelayo ngayo izigulane.
Ama-ambulance ahlanganisa unonophelo lwezempilo lwangoku kunye. Ngaphandle kwabo, ezininzi zeendleko-ukugcinwa kweendleko ezifumaneka namhlanje zingenakwenzeka (ewe, kukho iinzame zokujongana neendleko zonyango lwezempilo).
Ulwahlulo lwabaguli
Izibhedlele zaqala njengezindlu zeqela nje apho oogqirha babenokunyanga izigulane ezininzi kwindawo enye. Ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwezibhedlele, oogqirha babecala ukuba batyelele izigulane kwizigulane zezigulane. Izibhedlele zivumelekile ukuba izigulane zeendlela ezincinci zikwazi ukubonwa ngabagqirha.
Ekugqibeleni, izibhedlele zaba ziivenkile enye, apho izigulane zifumana zonke iintlobo zeenkonzo.
Nangona izibhedlele ezincinci kwiindawo zasemaphandleni zinokuhambisa abantwana kunye nokuhlinzwa. Ingaba isibhedlele sasinemibhede embalwa okanye amaninzi, uluhlu lweenkonzo luya kufana nokokuba umgangatho uhluka kakhulu. Isigulane sinokufuna uncedo kuye nawaphi na inani lemiqathango.
Izibhedlele zashintsha kwiintlobo zeewadi, amagumbi amakhulu aneebhedlele ezininzi zegulane.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, iiwadi zesibhedlele ziya kuhlulwa ngamasebe ngohlobo lwesini kunye nohlobo lwezigulane: UkuSebenza kunye nokuThumela, ezeMpilo kunye nokuPhepha kwakukho ezinye zeewadi eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo. Kamva, iiwadi eziphuthumayo (okanye amagumbi) ziya kukhula. Abanye banokuthi babe neendawo ezahlukileyo zezilwanyana.
IiSilo zeMpilo
Nangona izibhedlele zazigulane izigulane kwiewadi, zihlala ziza kwisakhiwo esifanayo. Kwiinkonzo zezempilo zanamhlanje, akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Njengoko unyameko lwegulane lufumana ngakumbi olukhethekileyo, kunengqiqo ukudibanisa iintlobo zezigulane kwizibhedlele ezizinikezele kwizodwa.
Kukho izibhedlele zokugqirha, apho kuphela ukucwangciswa kweenkqubo zokucwangcisa, ezifana nokutshintshwa kwe-hip okanye uphenyo lwezonyango. Iinkqubo ezingxamisekileyo okanye ezingekho phantsi kweenkqubo ezihambelana nezimo ezinzima ezifana ne- appendicitis okanye i-trauma zigcinwe kwizibhedlele ezineenkonzo eziqhelekileyo zendalo okanye ezinye iintlobo zezibhedlele ezizodwa.
Kukho izibhedlele ezizinikezelwe ngabasetyhini nabantwana, amaziko okuxhatshazwa, izibhedlele zenyama, izigulane zesikrakra, amaziko omhlaza; nokuba septicemia. Ngamnye ungagxila kumgangatho wesibhedlele okanye kwisiko ngalinye kunye nantoni na ogqirha abaya kufuna ukugxila kwisigatshana esinye sezigulane.
Indlela yokusuka kwindawo eya kwindawo
Le fom yokubaluleka ibalulekile kwiinkqubo ezinkulu zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kunye nabantu abahlukahlukeneyo abanezigulane.
Ukuze sikhonze izigulane, le mibutho kufuneka ibe nezibhedlele eziqhelekileyo apho izigulana zinokufuna uncedo, kodwa kunye nokukwazi ukuhambisa abo bagulane kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo lokunyamekela ngendlela engathinteli ukunakekelwa kwezigulane. Isibhedlele sishukumisa njani izigulane ukusuka kwindawo ukuya kwindawo?
Ambulance.
Imbali yee-ambulensi igxininise ekusebenziseni kwabo ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kwabagulayo kunye nabalimala ngenxa yezoxakeka. Ama-ambulance awazange aqale ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza ngokuzimeleyo. Ngamanye amaxesha babethunyelwa ukuba baqokelele abo abanezifo (iqhenqa nesibetho, umzekelo) kwaye bawathathe ngokumelene nokuthanda kwabo kunye nokwahlukana.
Xa ii-ambulensi zisetyenziselwa ukukhawuleza, zazihlala ziqhutyelwa zizibhedlele njengenkonzo kubantu abagulayo. Ukusetyenziswa kwee-ambulensi zokuhamba ngokukhawuleza zenzeka kwimpi. Ibali elithe gqwa kakhulu livela kuphuhliso lweenkonzo ze-ambulensi kwimpi kaNapoleon.
Ekusebenziseni kwangaphambili kwee-ambulensi kwimfazwe, abalimala babedla ngokulindela kude kube nzima ukulwa namagulane ukuba afike. Udokotela oPhezulu Jikelele waNapoleon waqaphela ukuba ukuba ii-ambulensi zithunyelwa ngaphambili, zingasindisa ubomi obuninzi, ngaloo ndlela zinciphisa ilahleko ezivela ekulweni. Ukuphucula ukusukela kumajoni kwakungekho umzamo wobomi; kwakuyi-inventory control.
Akunjalo nje Ngezoxinzelelo
Ukususela ekuqaleni, ii-ambulensi azizange zenze nje ngezoxakeka. Ukuthatha isigulane ukumthabatha esibhedlele yinto enye yokusetyenziswa kwe-ambulensi. Ama-ambulance angashenxisa-kwaye ahlala eshukumisa-izigulane ukusuka kwinqanaba ukuya kwinqanaba kwiimeko ezingezoxakeka.
Ezinye zeenkonzo zamandulo ze-ambulensi namhlanje ziqala ukwenza into ngaphandle kokuphendula kwiifowuncedo. Uninzi lwalusekelwe esibhedlele esithile kwaye lwasetyenziswa ukuhambisa izigulane ukuya kwezinye izibhedlele, ezisezona zixhaphake kakhulu kwi-ambulensi. Namhlanje, olu hlobo lothutho lubizwa ngokuba yi-inter-facility transfer (IFT). Ngexesha elide, ezinye zee-ambulensi zaguqukela ukubonelela ngononophelo okhethekileyo.
Kukho ii-ambulensi kwizigulane zokunyamekela ezibalulekileyo ezisebenzisa umongika esikhundleni (okanye ngaphezu koko) i-paramedic. Kukhona ii-ambulensi ze-neonatal ezenzelwe ukuthutha iintsana zangaphambili. Ezinye ii-ambulensi zinamaqela abanonophelo abandakanya abahlengikazi, oogqirha, abathinteli bokuphefumula, oongikazi, oogqirha, oogqirha, ochwepheshe bezonyango, okanye zonke ezo zinto.
Ukuqhubeka kweNkathalo
Esikhundleni sokuphendula kwiimeko eziphuthumayo, ii-ambulensi ezenza ii-IFTs zinikezela ngokuqhubekayo kwenkathalo evela kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye. Ngethuba lokuthutha, isigulane sijongwa ukuba siqinisekise ukuba imeko yakhe ayitshintshi.
Oko akuthethi ukuba ezinye iindawo zokudluliselwa kwezibonelelo ezingezizo zibaluleke kakhulu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, isigulane sisuswa kwisibonelelo esingenakubonelela ngononophelo olulodwa olufunekayo kwiziko elinakho. Kwezinye iimeko, unyango olubalulekileyo luqhutyelwa kuzo zonke izithuthi ukuqinisekisa ukuba isigulane senza ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye silungele ukunyamekela esibhedlele esitsha.
Abasebenzi kwi-ambulance ye-IFT yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yonyango lomguli. Ziyinxalenye yecandelo lezononophelo lwezempilo njengokuba abasebenzi basebhedlele. Ngaphandle kwale nkonzo ebalulekileyo, izigulane kwiinkonzo zempilo zanamhlanje ziza kufumana unyango abazifunayo kwiingcali eziza kunika.
Ukusilela koqeqesho
Nangona ama-ambulensi abambe zonke iinkonzo zezempilo kunye nehlabathi apho ababoneleli bezempilo bebanjwe kwiilosi zeemfuno ezizodwa; kwaye nangona ukuba i-ambulances ze-IFT azikho ngaphezulu kwee-ambulensi eziphendula kwiingcingo ze-911 (okanye ziphendule kwezo zombini iintlobo zezicelo), iinkqubo zemfundo kunye noqeqesho lwezonyango zonyango oluphuculweyo kunye ne-paramedics zijolise ngokukhawuleza kwiimeko eziphuculweyo.
Ochwepheshe bezonyango eziphuthumayo bafundiswa ubuqaqawuli, ukulawula ukuphuma kwegazi , iCPR , ukuphefumula, nendlela yokunyusa izigulane kwizithuthi emva kwengozi. Imfundo yeParamedic igxile ekuphatheni i- heart attack and stroke patients. Wonke umntu ufunda ukulawula umcimbi ngexesha lesiganeko soxinzelelo (MCI). Konke oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqeqeshwa okungeke kuncitshiswe, kodwa kwi-IFT setting, ayiguquleli.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, i-EMT okanye i-paramedic kufuneka ikwazi ukuphendula ngokufanelekileyo kwisigulane esimweni sayo siphumelele ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokuthutha, kungakhathaliseki ukuba eso sithuthi sasivela esibhedlele okanye kwisigulana esibiza 911. Njengomqhubi wendiza aqeqeshelwa ukuhamba ngeenqwelo-moya, kodwa xa i-autopilot ingaphumeleli kwaye indiza ijongene neengxaki, ii-paramedics kunye nee-EMTs kufuneka zilungele ukungalindelekanga.
Kodwa umqhubi uqeqeshelwa ukundiza nge-autopilot. Uyazi kakuhle kulindeleke kangangoko kunokungalindelekanga. I-EMT ayifumananga loqeqesho-ubuncinci kungekhona njengenxalenye yekharityhulam yelizwe eliqhelekileyo. I-EMT ayifundiswa ukuba yenze njani into eya kuyenzeka ukuyichitha iminyaka embalwa yokuqala yokusebenza kwakhe.
Ukutshintsha iilindelwe
Njengokuba iimbulensi zibizwa ukuba zihanjiswe izigulane ukusuka kwesinye indawo ukuya kwesinye, izigulana kufuneka zifune ukuba abasebenzi abahamba kakuhle banokuyenza umsebenzi. Ukuba kukho into ehamba kakubi, i-EMT ilungele ukungena, kodwa kuthekani malunga nokuqinisekisa ukuba unyameko oluvela kwisiko lokuqala luqhubeka lukhuni kweso sibini?
Ii-EMTs ziphuma koqeqesho lwazo lokuqala zilungele ukugcina ubomi kunye nokukhupha isifo. Baqeqeshiwe amaqhawe-ekulindeni. Bazimisele ukuqhuba xa abanye bephela. Kodwa akuyena indima abaza kudlala-kungekhona ekuqaleni. I-EMT entsha iya kwenza i-IFT, kungekhona kuba ayibalulekanga. Baya kukwenza i-IFT kuba iyakhathaza. Akuqhubi "ukutshisa" ngezibane ezikhanyayo kwaye zikhusele ukukhupha ixhoba emotweni evuthayo.
I-IFT ayiyonto; ubuncinane kungekhona kwi-EMT entsha.
Oku kungatshintshwa. Ngokufanelekileyo imfundo egxininise ukubaluleka kunye nobuchule be-IFT, ii-EMTs kunye ne-paramedics ziya kwamkela inxaxheba entsha. Baya kukwenza kwaye benze kakuhle nje ngokuba bayazi ukuba balindele ntoni kwaye banezixhobo zokwenza umsebenzi.
Izigulane ziya kuxhamla kwinkqubo enonophelo yonyango, apho abasebenzi be-ambulensi ngokwenene bayingxenye ebalulekileyo yeqela kunye nokufudukela kwiziko ukuya kwiziko alibonisi indawo ebuthathaka ekunyamekelweni kwezigulane.
> Imithombo:
> Imbali yezibhedlele kunye neeWadi . (2016). Healthcaredesignmagazine.com .
> Impembelelo kaDomininique Jean Larrey ngobungcali kunye nesayensi yokuchithwa. (2016). Sciencedirect.com .
> Kulshrestha, A. & Singh, J. (2016). Isibhedlele esibhedlele kunye nesibhedlele esibhedlele esibhedlele: Iingcamango zamva nje. Indian Journal Of Anesthesia , 60 (7), 451. inkcazo: 10.4103 / 0019-5049.186012
> Samuels, David J, et al. UCandelo loPhando lwezeMpilo oluPhezulu-oluSisiseko: iNkcazo yeKharityhulam yesiZwe. (1997) . Isebe lezoThutho eMelika.