Qonda iiMpawu kunye nezibonakaliso ze-Hepatitis
Ukusuleleka kwe-Hepatitis yintsuku yekliniki esetyenziswe ukuchaza ukuvuvuka kwesibindi. Ukuvutha kungabangelwa yimibandela embalwa kuquka imithi, ii-virus, ukuchazwa kweekhemikhali, iibhoksi zokusingqongileyo, ukuphazamiseka kwemvelo kunye nokusetyenziswa kotywala.
Kwimeko yentsholongwane kaGawulayo, kukho izinga eliphezulu lokusuleleka kwintsholongwane kunye neentlobo ezithile ze-hepatitis yentsholongwane, ikakhulukazi i-hepatitis C (i-HCV).
Enyanisweni, uphando oluthile lwe-epidemiological lubonisa ukuba abaninzi abangama-20-30% abantu baseMerika abane-HIV nabo bane-HCV.
Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda impawu kunye neempawu ze-virus ye-viral hepatitis, kwakunye neentlobo zegciwane ezikhoyo ngoku.
Amanqanaba e-Viral Hepatitis Infection
I-hepatitis e-Viral ingabalwa ngokubanzi ngesigaba sosulelo.
Usulelo olusisigxina lwenzeka rhoqo okanye lusondele ixesha lokutshatyalaliswa kwintsholongwane. Ukuqala kweempawu kunokukhawuleza okanye kuphuculwe kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo kudla ixesha elifutshane, ngokuqhelekileyo kusombulula kwisithuba seenyanga ezimbini. Ngeli nqanaba, umonakalo wesibindi ngokuqhelekileyo ubumnene njengoko kuboniswe ngophula (fibrosis) kwisibindi ngokwawo. Umsebenzi wesibindi ngokuqhelekileyo unganqanyulwa kwaye iimpawu, ukuba zikhona, azifane zibulawe. Kwezinye iimeko, usulelo olunzulu luya kucima ngokukhawuleza, alushiyi ubungqina bentsholongwane okanye umonakalo.
Usuleleko olungapheliyo oluqhubekayo kwixesha elide.
Iimpawu ekuqaleni kwinqanaba elingasigxina lingaba li-non-specific to non existence nangona ukuba i-fibrosis inokuthi iqhubele esibindi. Ngethuba lesigaba, intsholongwane ingachazwa njengento engapheliyo (kunye neempawu ezikhula ngokukhawuleza nangomnene) kunye nesifo esingapheliyo (xa ukubonakaliswa kwesi sifo kunzulu kwaye kubonakala).
Kulabo abanesifo esingasapheliyo, unomngcipheko ophezulu we-cirrhosis, apho ukonakala kwesibindi kukhulu kakhulu ukuphazamisana nomsebenzi wesibindi (i-cirrhosis ehlawulisiweyo) okanye ukuwuyeka ngokupheleleyo (i-cirrhosis ehlawulisiwe), obangela ukuhluleka kwesibindi.
Olunye ubonakaliso lwentsholongwane engapheliyo luquka i-hepatocellular carcinoma, uhlobo olusongela ubomi lomhlaza wesibindi kunokuba lunokuphathwa kuphela ngesipiliso sesibindi.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo kunye nezibonakaliso ze-Viral Hepatitis
Iimpawu zesifo se-hepatitis ziyahluka, kuxhomekeke kwintsholongwane echaphazelekayo, kodwa ingahlala iquka oku kulandelayo ngexesha lokutheleleka kwe-hepatitis :
- I-jaundice (ukuphuka kwamehlo kunye nesikhumba)
- I-choluria (ubumnyama bomchamo)
- Fever
- Ukukhathala
- I sizathu
- Ukuvutha
- Intlungu zesisu
- Intlungu ehlangeneyo (arthralgia)
- Intlungu yesisu ( myalgia )
Ngethuba lesigqirha esingasigxina sentsholongwane, iimpawu zingaphaya ngakumbi, nangona kungenakwenzeka ukungaziphathi. Kwiimeko ezininzi, kunzima ukunika ubunzima besibindi kuphela. Ukongezelela koku ngasentla, iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zezifo zokusuleleka kwe-hepatitis :
- Ukutyikitya okungavamile okanye ukuvutha komlilo (paresthesia)
- Iintlungu "ezikhonkwane kunye neenaliti" inzwa (inzululwazi ye-neuropathy)
- Isikhumba esikhulayo (pruritus)
- Ukuphakanyiswa, indawo ezinokugqithisa (urticaria)
- Amehlo anomileyo ahamba kunye nomlomo owomileyo (i-Sicca syndrome)
Kuphela xa isibindi sisisigxina kwaye umsebenzi wakhe unzima ukuba iimpawu zibonakalisa ngakumbi izifo zesibindi. Iimpawu kunye neempawu ze- cirrhosis ezihlawulwa ziquka:
- Iimvumba zeengqungquthela (ingqungquthela ye-nevi), ngokuyinhloko kwisiqu kunye nobuso
- Isikhumba esikhulayo (pruritus)
- Ubomvu kwiintendelezo zezandla (i-erythema yesundu)
- Ukuqhekeza ngokulula okanye ukuphuma ngokwemvelo (i-variceal bleeding)
- Ukwakhiwa kwamanzi kunye namainyawo (i-edema)
- Ukungabikho kwengxaki kunye nenkumbulo
- Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla (i-anorexia)
- Ukuhla ukusinda
- Ukwehla kwamathambo (i-testicular atrophy)
- I-Erectile ukungasebenzi okanye ukulahleka kwe-libido
- Ukunyanzeliswa kotywala
I-cirrhosis ye-Decompensated kunye ne-hepatocelllular carcinoma zibalwa njengesifo sesibindi sokugqibela.
Iintlobo ze-Viral Hepatitis
Okwangoku, kukho iintsholongwane ezithandathu eziyaziwayo ezibangelwa i-hepatitis, ezikhethwe yiileta A ngeG. Iindlela zabo zokuhambisa, ukuhanjiswa kweendawo kunye neentetho ziyahlukahluka, kunye neendlela ezikhoyo zokukhusela okanye ukunyanga usulelo.
Ngalesi silfabhethi:
- I-Hepatitis A (HAV) , eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njenge-hepatitis esithathelwanayo, isoloko ilukhuni kwaye ayize ibe yinto engapheliyo. I-HAV idluliselwa ngoqhagamshelwano kunye namanqindi aphethwe yi-fec okanye ukutya okungcolileyo kumanzi okanye amanzi. I-HAV isifo sisoloko sisisiphumo seendlela ezihlambulukileyo zokuhlamba izandla phakathi kwabaphathi bokutya. I-vaccine ye-hepatitis A ifumaneka ukukhusela intsholongwane, ihanjiswe kwichungechunge lwezifo.
- I-Hepatitis B (i-HBV) , eyaziwa ngokuba yi-serum hepatitis isasazwa ngoqhagamshelwano lwezesondo, i-saliva, iindile ezingcolileyo ezidibeneyo, kunye nokuvezwa kwegazi elisulelekileyo. I-HBV isoloko iyakwenza inkqubela ye-hepatitis engapheliyo ngaphandle kokubonakalisa iimpawu zesifo se-hepatitis. Umngcipheko wokubambisana ne-Hep B unokunciphisa nge-vaccine ye-hepatitis B, ngelixa i- vaccine ye-Twinrix inokukhusela kwi-HAV ne-HBV.
- I-Hepatitis C (i-HCV) idluliselwa ngokukodwa ngokusetyenziswa kwabelwana ngamachiza kunye neenaliti ezingahlambulukanga, kodwa kungaphunyezwa ukusuka kumama ukuya kumntwana ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwaye, ngokuqhelekileyo, ngokuqhagamshelana ngesondo. I-HCV ingacacisa ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kwi-30-40% yomntu ogulayo ngaphandle kweempawu zeempawu. Olunye luya kuphucula ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane engapheliyo engakwazi ukuhamba ingabonakali iminyaka. Nangona kungekho sitofu sokukhusela i-hepatitis C, kukho i-antitivirals enamandla ngokuthe ngqo (ii-DAAs) ezinokukhupha amazinga okunyanga angama-99% kwezinye iindawo.
- I-Hepatitis D (i-HDV) ifom ye-virus ye-virus ye-viral hepatitis engaphendulwa kuphela ngokufakela kwi-HBV. Ngaloo ndlela, ihamba ne-HBV ukutheleleka kodwa ingabonakali yedwa.
- I-Hepatitis E (HEV) ifana ne-HAV kwaye ifana ngokusasazwa ngokutya okungcolileyo kunye namanzi okanye udibaniselwano kunye namagqabi anesifo. Xa ucinga ukuba awunqabile, ukunyuka kwamazwe ngamazwe kuye kwabangela ezinye iingcali ukuba ziqikelele ukuba kuma-20% aseMelika angenwasulelwa.
- I-Hepatitis F (i-HFV) yintsholongwane yezilwanyana ezithethwa ngabanye abakholelwayo bangabangela i-hepatitis. Nangona kukho inani labaviwa abanokuthi bangabakho kwiminyaka yama-1990, akukho nto iya kufuneka ifumaneke ingqinamba yobomi bentsholongwane.
- I-Hepatitis G (i-HGV) ihlala ikhona kunye ne-hepatitis A, B okanye iC.
Imithombo:
Umbutho waseMelika wokuFundisisa iSifo seNtsholongwane (AASLD). "Ukuvavanya iMithwalo ye-Global and Regional Burden of Liver Disease." IWashington, DC Inkcazelo yokukhululwa kweeNkcazo ezikhutshwa ngoNovemba 3,