Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-HPV Izizathu eziMpawu ezihlukeneyo
I- papillomavirus yabantu (HPV) isicatshulwa esidlangalaleni kumajelo asuka kwi-FDA imvume ye-Gardasil, i-vacc yokuqala ye-HPV. Usenokwenzeka ukuba uve ukuba i-HPV ixhaphake kakhulu kwaye inokukhathazeka malunga nokuba unokusuleleka. Ngexesha elifanayo, unokuba uzive uxhalabile ukuba intsholongwane ingabangela umdlavuza wesibeleko kunye neengxabano zomzimba.
Ngaba kukho iimpawu okanye iimpawu omele uzijonge? Ininzi yokudideka ikhona ekuqondeni iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-HPV. Masicacise ezinye idideko kwaye sihlolisise oko sikuyazi malunga nale ntsho longwane ukuze ube ngummeli onamandla okunyamekela impilo yakho.
Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zePagillomavirus yabantu (HPV)
Kukho iingcamango ezingaphezu kwe-100 zeengcambu ze-HPV. Phantse i-30 yalezi zintsholongwane ziyaziwa ukuba zichaphazele i-genitalia yabesilisa nabesifazane kodwa zenze ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Hayi zonke iintlobo ezinxulumene nomhlaza wesibeleko. Iintlobo ze-HPV ezithintela abantu ziye zaphuka zibe zigaba ezimbini ngokubhekisele ekubeni zibhekwa njengengozi enkulu okanye ingozi ephantsi.
- Iingxaki eziNcinci: Iinqatha ezibekwe "njengengozi ephantsi" zidibaniswa neemfazwe zesini kunye nokungaqhelekanga komlomo kwesinye isikhathi esitholakala kwi-Pap smears. Imiba engaphantsi kweengozi ayibangeli umdlavuza womlomo wesibeleko kwaye ithathwa njengengxaki ye-noncogenic. I-HPV 6 kunye ne-HPV 11 zineengcipheko eziphantsi kobungozi kwaye zinoxanduva malunga neepesenti ezingama-90 zeemfazwe zesini. Iintlobo ezibangelwa iilts zomzimba kunye nezo zinto ezibangela umdlavuza wesibeleko. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba unayo i-warts yezilwane akudingeki ukhathazeke ukuba intsholongwane efanayo iya kubangela umdlavuza wesibeleko.
- Iintlobo eziphezulu zeengozi: Iintambo ze-HPV ezichazwa ngokuthi "ingozi ephezulu" zidibene nezobunzima ezinzima kunye neentlungu ezingapheliyo ezifunyenwe kwiPap smear kwaye ziintlobo ezingabangela umdlavuza wesibeleko. Ngamanye amazwi, ezi zi "incogenic strains" ze-HPV. Iintlobo eziye zanyaniswa nomhlaza zibandakanya i-HPV 16 ne-18 (eyabangela iipesenti ezingama-70 zeengcingo zomhlaza wesibeleko) kunye ne-HPV 31, 33, 35, 45, 52, 58, ne-59. Ininzi yexesha, intsholongwane ikhona ixesha elide kunye neentsholongwane zentsholongwane kwinkqubela phambili ukusuka kwi-dysplasia epholileyo ukuya kwi-dysplasia yesibeleko kwaye ekugqibeleni umhlaza. Oko kwathiwa, umhlaza wesibeleko kuye kwenzeka ngexesha elifutshane emva kokufumana intsholongwane. Ngokuqhelekanga, iintlobo ezinobungozi obuphezulu zingabangela iindibano zokuhlaselwa ngamagciwane angama-atypical ezingaba neenguqu ezinokuqhaqhazela kunye nomhlaza ngaphakathi kwazo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-HPV ingakhokeli kuphela umdlavuza wesibeleko kodwa ifakwe ngumdlavuza we-penile, umdlavuza womhlaza , umhlaza wesihloko nentloko (ojongene nesinye kwiimeko ezimbini), mhlawumbi nezinye i-cancer ezinomdlavuza wemiphunga .
Ukubandakanya ukuziphatha kakubi kwimiba yesondo kwandisa umngcipheko wokubambisana neengxaki eziphezulu kunye neengcipheko ze-HPV.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba unokusuleleka kwi-HPV engaphezu kweyodwa , kwaye iziganeko zobungozi ezithatha umntu ukuba athole uhlobo olulodwa (okanye ukuphuhlisa nasiphi na isifo esithathelwana ngesondo) kunokukhokelela ekusulelekeni kwezinye iintlobo.
Iindaba ezilungileyo kukuba abantu abaninzi, izifo eziphezulu ze-HPV eziphezulu kunye nezingozi ezicacileyo zingenayo ingenelelo lonyango. Asazi isizathu sokuba i-HPV iqhubekeke kwabanye abantu endaweni yabanye. Siyazi ukuba izinto ezinobungozi ezifana nesistim somzimba sokugonya kunye nokubhema kunokukwenza ukuba kube lula.
Iimpawu zePVV
Ekuqwalaseleni iimpawu ze-HPV kubalulekile ukuwaphula ezi ziimpawu ezinxulumene neentlobo zesifo sofuba ezibangelwa ngumzimba kunye neempawu zentsholongwane yomhlaza wesibeleko. Uninzi lwexesha umntu akayi kuba nayo nayiphi na impawu ukuba uthelelekileyo ngala mayeza.
Iimpawu ze-HPV ezinxulumene neengxaki zomzimba zesini: Imiba ye-HPV eyaziwayo ukuba ibangela imilenze yomzimba emdlalweni wesilisa kunye nabasetyhini inokwenza okanye ayiyi kubangela ukubunjwa kweemfazwe. Xa besenza, ukukhula okufana nekholifulawa (okuninzi kakhulu kunye ncinane kakhulu) kunokuvela nakwiindawo ezizitholayo kunye neendawo ezikufutshane.
Ukubonakala kweemfazwe kungenzeka ngokukhawuleza, okanye endaweni emininzi emva kokufumana intsholongwane, ngoko ukubonakala kweemfazwe akuyona indlela efanelekileyo yokuchonga ukuba unesifo okanye ungekho.
Iimpawu ze-HPV ezihlobene nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko: Ekuqaleni, iintsholongwane ezibangelwa ngumhlaza we-HPV azivumi ukuvelisa iimpawu. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ukulandela izikhokelo zeP-smears eziqhelekileyo kubalulekile. I-Pap smears inokuthi rhoqo (kodwa kungekho rhoqo) ukujonga utshintsho olungavamile lwe-HPV olude ngaphambi kokuba lube nomhlaza. Izimpawu eziqhelekileyo zesifo somhlaza wesibeleko ziquka ukuphuma kwegazi (ukuphuma kwegazi phakathi kwexesha, emva kokulala, okanye emva kokumisa umva), ubuhlungu be-pelvic, kunye nokukhulelwa kwamanzi.
Ekubeni kuneemeko ezininzi ezinokubangela le mpawu-ezininzi zazo eziqhelekileyo kunomdlavuza wesibeleko-akukho ndlela elula yokujonga imiqondiso. I-Pap smears rhoqo kwaye uthetha nogqirha wakho malunga naziphi na iimpawu ezichaphazelekayo ukufumana utshintsho ekuqaleni.
Ukuchonga i-HPV kumaTyhini
Kubafazi, ukuhlolwa kweplavic rhoqo kunye nePap smear yindlela efanelekileyo yokufumana intsholongwane ye-HPV. Ngethuba lokuvavanya kwe-pelvic, ugqirha wakho unokuhlolisisa ubulili bakho ngeempawu zeemfazwe zesini. Ukuba i-warts yomzimba ifunyenwe, iya kuxubusha iindlela zokufumana unyango. Ukuba unayo i-warts yomzimba, nceda uhlale ukhumbule ukuba i-HPV intlupheko eyenza i-warts (ngaphandle kwee-warts ze-atypical) ayikho ingxaki engakhokelela kumhlaza wesibeleko. I-Pap smear eqhelekileyo ibona ukuba i-HPV isifo esiphezulu esichengeni somhlaza wesibeleko.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yakho, uvavanyo lwe- HPV oluqhelekileyo lwenziwa kwakhona. Izikhokelo zamanje zichaza ukuba abafazi abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-30 kufuneka banikezwe uvavanyo lwe-HPV rhoqo kunye ne-Pap smear yabo. Akunabo bonke oogqirha abakwenza oko ngokuqhelekileyo, nangona kunjalo, kwaye kufuneka ucele ukuba uvavanyo luyenziwe. Kuyabasetyhini abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-30, uvavanyo lwe-HPV lunokucetyiswa ukuba iPsm smear yakho ayiqhelekanga. Njengoko kunye nabasetyhini abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-30, kubalulekile ukuba ngummeli wakho kwaye ucele ukuvavanywa xa uvakalelwa ukuba kuyadingeka. Oogqirha bahluka ngokubanzi kwiindlela zabo kule ngxaki.
Ukuchonga i-HPV kuMadoda
Ngelishwa kumadoda, akukho vavanyo lovavanyo lwezonyango olunganquma ukuba unesifo se-HPV. Ugqirha unokuzihlola ngokubonakalayo izitho zangasese ngenxa yobunzima bezilwanyana zesini , kodwa kwakhona, iimbambano azibangelwa yimimandla efanayo eyenza umdlavuza ongumhlaza wesibeleko, umhlaza we-penile, kunye nokunye. Kuyinto inqabileyo ukuba amadoda abe neyiphi na impawu xa ekhulelwe ngumhlaza we-HPV. Esi sizathu esinye, kulabo abathandana nabo, ukuba baqaphele nangona iqabane elingaba nalo linemivavanyo engalunganga kwizifo ezithathelwana ngesondo. Asinayo nayiphi indlela efanelekileyo yokuvavanya ubukho be-HPV kumadoda ngexesha langoku.
IiVVV kunye neeNqatha eziBugubungelayo
Ngo-2018 kukho izifo ezi-3 ze-HPV ezikhoyo ezikhoyo. Ezi zihlukileyo kwiintlobo ezithile ze-HPV ezizifihlayo. Abanye abantu banokhetho lokugonya kwelinye, kodwa iinkampani ze-inshorensi zempilo zihlala zibonelela ngokukhawulela enye okanye ezimbini kwezi zinto. Iigcino zamanje ziquka:
- Gardasil. I-Gardasil yavunywa ngo-2006 njenge-vaccine yokuqala ye-HPV. Isebenza ngokumalunga ne-HPV 6, 11, 16, ne-18. Ngenxa yokudibanisa ne-HPV 16 ne-18 banembopheleleko engama-70 ekhulwini lweentsholongwane zomhlaza wesibeleko, ukugonya kufuneka, kukhusela i-70% ye-cancer cervical. I-HPV 6 kunye ne-HPV 11 kubangelwa ama-90 ekhulwini ama-warts of genital, ngoko ke ukugonya kufuneka kuthintele iipesenti ezingama-90 zeemfazwe ezinjalo.
- I-Cervarix : I-Cervarix yavunywa ngo-2009 kwaye ikhusela i-HPV 16 ne-HPV 18. Njengoko i-Gardisil, ekubeni i-HPV 16 ne-18 icingelwa ukuba ibangele iipesenti ezingama-70 zeengcingo zentsholongwane, ukugonya kufuneka kuthintele iipesenti ezingama-70 zala ma-cancer. Iintlobo ze-HPV ezijongene neengxabano ezininzi zesini somzimba azikho kule gonyolo, ngoko mhlawumbi kunika ukhuselo oluncinane kwiimfazwe zesini.
- I-Gardasil 9: Ivunyiwe ngo-2014, i-Gardisil 9 inikezela ngokukhawuleza, kwaye iyaqwalaselwa ngokufanelekileyo malunga ne-HPV 6, 11, 16, 31, 33, 45, 52, ne-58. Njengazo ezinye izitofu, i-Gardasil 9 kufuneka ikhusele okungenani iipesenti ezingama-70 iintsholongwane zomhlaza wesibeleko kodwa mhlawumbi ukhusela ngaphezulu ngenxa yokubonelela ngokukhuselwa kwiintlobo ze-oncogenic 31, 33, 45, 52, no-58
Unyango lwe HPV
Ukunyangwa kwe-HPV kuya kuxhomekeka kwiimpawu kunye neengxaki zentsholongwane. Kukho uninzi lwezonyango zokwenza iilts. Ngokubhekiselele kwonyango lweengxaki ezibangelwa ngumhlaza we-HPV, unyango oluthile luya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezingaqhelekanga ezifumaneka kwi-Pap smear .
Xa kuphela ngokungaqhelekanga kunye nokucingelwa ukuba ngenxa ye-HPV, iP smear inokuphinda iphindwe kwakhona. Ukuba kukho inkxalabo ethile, i- colposcopy iyacetyiswa . Ngethuba le-colposcopy, i- biopsy yesibeleko inokwenziwa ukuba ikhangele iiseli zokuxhalabisa. Ezinye iinkqubo, ezinjenge- cone biopsy zinokucingwa ukuba ngaba zifumaneke ezinye ezingekhoyo. Ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zifunyenwe, ukhetho lwezokwelapha luvela kwiinketho zonyango lwengingqi ukwenza i-hysterectomy.
Nangona amayeza anxamnye nentsholongwane enokuthi afumaneke kwiimeko ezithile zentsholongwane ezinjengomkhuhlane, inkukhu, kunye ne-HIV, asinayo imithi echasene nentsholongwane leyo esetyenziswa rhoqo ukunyanga i-HPV. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, injongo yonyango kukujonga abantu ngenxa yeengxaki zesifo sengculaza ezifana nokungaqhelekanga komhlaza wesibeleko, umdlavuza womlomo wesibeleko, kunye neengxabano zomzimba, kwaye uyabaphatha ukuba kufuneka ukuba zenzeke.
Ngaphantsi kwiintlobo neeMpawu ze-HPV
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-HPV kwaye oku kuyimvelaphi yokudideka okukhulu. Amajelo athetha abantu ukuba phantse wonke umntu unentsholongwane, kodwa akusiyo yonke into, okanye eninzi, izifo zibangelwa yimpawu zeklinikhi. Ezinye iintlobo zingakhokelela kwiimfazwe zesisu, apho kukho ezininzi unyango olukhoyo. Okukhathazeka ngakumbi kukuba ezinye iintlobo zingabangela umdlavuza wesibeleko. Ukufumana ii-Pap smears rhoqo kukuthintelo ekukhuselweni kwe-HPV izifo ezibangelwa ngumhlaza akubakho nto ebangela ukuba iimpawu ezingakhokelela ekutholeni kwangaphambili. Kunoko, i-Pap smears kunye nokuhlolwa kwe-HPV kunokukhokelela abantu ukuba baqhube iinkqubo ezifana ne-colposcopy ukuchaza ingxaki. Ngexesha langoku, asikho nonyango oluthile olujoliswe ekugqibeleni umzimba wegciwane le-HPV, nangona sinokugonywa okukhoyo oku kunokuthintela ezininzi zezifo, kwaye ngoko ke, iingxaki abazenzayo.
> Imithombo:
> Amacandelo okuLawula nokuLawula izifo. I-Papillomavirus yabantu (HPV). Iphepha le-HPV ye-Information-Factory Sheet. Ukuhlaziywa 11/16/17. https://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/stdfact-hpv.htm
> McNamara, M., Batur, P., Walsh, J., noK. Johnson. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-HPV: I-Vaccination, Screening, kunye nezifo ezidibeneyo. I-Journal yeGrimeli yangaphakathi . 2016. 31 (11): 1360-1366.