Zonke iimvavanyo zokuphonononga zinomngcipheko weziphumo ezingamanga. Ukujonga i-mammography ayikho. Xa i-mammogram ibonisa indawo engaqhelekanga ebonakala njengomhlaza, kodwa iya kuba yinto eqhelekileyo, ibizwa ngokuba yinyani-ntle. Iziphumo ezingamanga-mboleko zokujonga i-mammogram aziqhelekanga ukususela ekusebenziseni ububanzi be-digital mammography.
Ukufumana umnxeba oqhelekileyo ofumene into efunayo ukufunwa ngokuqhubekayo kuya kubangela ukuxhalaba okukhulu.
Xa i-mammography yokuphonononga iphumela ekufumaneni okulungileyo, enye okanye ngaphezulu kweemvavanyo ezifana ne-ultrasound, i-MRI, i-PET, okanye i-biopsy yokugonywa ivame ukuqhutyelwa ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba ingekho umhlaza. Ezi zilingo ezilandelelanayo zinokuba zibuhlungu, ubuncinci, kwaye zonyusa uxhalaba kwiiveki ezilandelelanisa i-diagnostic yangaphambili kunye ne-pathology report engabonakali ubungqina besifo.
Abanye besetyhini, ekuqaleni bekhululekile ukuva ukuba abanomdlavuza, batyhafile malunga nokuhlolwa kokuxoxwa kwamanga kubiza imali kunye neemeko. Abanye bavame ukugqiba ukugwema ukuba neempawu ezizayo kwixesha elizayo.
Ibutho le-US Preventive Services Task Force, ngo-2009, linconywe ukuqala kwamammogram kwiminyaka engama-50 endaweni yeminyaka engama-40 ubudala. Ngoku kutshanje, i-American Cancer Society yatshintshile izikhokelo zabo zokujonga i-mammography icebisa ukuba abafazi baqale ukuhlolwa kwimibuzo engama-45 ubudala.
Bakucacise iziganeko zobuxoki kunye nexhala, iindleko kunye nentlungu abayibangela njengesinye sezizathu zokutshintsha iminyaka yokuqala imimmogram. Uluntu lwengonyango lugxininisekile ngolu tshintsho olunikezelwa inani labafazi, kwi-40 yabo efunyenwe ngumhlaza wesifuba kunyaka, kunye nalabo abaya kubahlali abangama-50 + abanomdlavuza ongaboniyo.
Iisomdla zomhlaza zesibindi ezenzeka ngaphambi kokuphuma kwesisu zidla ngokugqithiseleyo.
I- Journal ye-National Cancer Institute , inikela ngombono omtsha ngokubaluleka kwezinto eziphathekayo ezixhomekeke kwiziphumo zophando olutshanje olwenziwa eDenmark. Uphononongo olwenziwa eCopenhagen, lubonisa ukuba ukufumana ubungqina obubuxoki malunga ne-mammography kubonisa ithuba elingakumbi lomdlavuza wesikhumba ixesha elide, ngenxa yokugula okanye ukuthotywa kwangaphambili.
Olu pho nonongo luye lwahlaziya iziphumo zokuhlola iziphumo zabafazi abangama-58 003, abaneminyaka engama-50 ukuya kuma-69, abathatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo yokuhlola i-mammography yamanani ase-Copenhagen ngonyaka we-1991-2005.
Uphononongo lubhale ukuba abafazi bafumana nayiphi na imiphumo emibi yokuguqulwa kwamangqina ayenomngcipheko wama-67% ophezulu wokufumana umdlavuza wesifuba emva kobuxoki obuhle kunabesifazana abanempilo embi kuphela. Abaphengululi bathi ingozi, ngokulandela ubuxoki, yaqhubeka iphakanyisiwe iminyaka engaphezu kwe-12.
Abaphandi abaphengululi bathi, "Abafazi abaneemvavanyo ezibuxoki babonakalisa ukukrokra iipatheni zeembumba zabo, kubandakanya izibalo ezinobulunga, ukubaluleka kwesikhumba, ukukhutshwa kwesikhumba okanye ukubuyisela, ukukhawuleza, ukuphazamiseka, ukunyamezela, ukunyanzeliswa kweempawu, okanye i-lymph node.
Nangona uvavanyo olunzulu lukhuphe ukukhupha izigulane kwisalathiso, le ndlela yokutshutshisa kwiisifuba zesifuba isenokugqibela ibe ngumhlaza obonakalayo. "
Abaphandi bancoma abafazi abakhuthazayo ngeemvavanyo ezibuxoki ukuba baqhubeke befumana ukuhlolwa kwexesha eliqhelekileyo, nangona kungabangela uxhalaba olongezelelweyo.
Ukuqonda impembelelo yamatmogram angamanga, abafazi abangu-1,028 abanamakhulu amaninzi kumaziko okucima ama-22 e-United States babekhethwe ngokukhethiweyo kwi-survey yocingo malunga nexhala. Abathathi-nxaxheba be-Survey babandakanye nabesifazane abangama-534 ababenemiphumo emibi yezilwanyana kunye nabesifazane abangama-494 abaneempembelelo ezingamanga.
Inxalenye yokuqala yolu vavanyo yenziwa emva nje kokuba abafazi bahlolwe. Inxalenye yesibini yayingumnyaka emva kobukhulu babo. Kula mabhinqa anemiphumo emibi, ama-50% axele amanqanaba anxinzelelo avela kwi-moderation ukuya phezulu.
Ngomnyaka kamva, amanqanaba exhala labasetyhini abaneemiphumo ezimbi kunye nabasetyhini ababenemiphumo emibi. Iziphumo ezikhohlakeleyo zabonakala zingenasiphumo kumgangatho wobomi ngexesha elide. Ininzi yabasetyhini, kunye neziphumo ezingamanga, zathi ziyakwazi ukuba ne-mammogram kwixesha elizayo.
Yintoni ebalulekileyo ukususa kulolu cwaningo? Ungavumeli nayiphi na imithintelo, kubandakanywa ukwesaba kobuxoki, ungene endleleni yokujonga rhoqo imilm.
> Umthombo:
> Umbhalo weNational Cancer Institute. JAMA lwangaphakathi lweMithi .